<w lemma="a%29ora%2Ftwn">ἀοράτων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="gh%3Ds">γῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnwn">ὑποκειμένων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ko%2Flouqon">ἀκόλουθον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="dielome%2Fnous">διελομένους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29gagei%3Dn">ἀγαγεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontas">ἀκούοντας</w>.
<w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="dih%7Crhme%2Fnhs">διῃρημένης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fa">τρία</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29nomasi%2Fas">ὀνομασίας</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fton">τρίτον</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphn">Εὐρώπην</w> <w lemma="prosagoreu%2Fousi">προσαγορεύουσι</w>.
<w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cs">διαφορὰς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="o%28ri%2Fzousin">ὁρίζουσιν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2Ata%2Fnai+s">Τάναϊς</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cs">ποταμὸς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Anei%3Dlos">Νεῖλος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hrakle%2Fous">Ἡρακλέους</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fma">στόμα</w>.
<w lemma="%2Anei%2Flou">Νείλου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atana%2Fidos">Τανάιδος</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dsqai">κεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="sumbe%2Fbhke">συμβέβηκε</w>, <w lemma="pi%2Fptein">πίπτειν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fxontos">περιέχοντος</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fsthma">διάστημα</w> <w lemma="qerinw%3Dn">θερινῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29natolw%3Dn">ἀνατολῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fas">μεσημβρίας</w>.
<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fh">Λιβύη</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="%2Anei%2Flou">Νείλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sthlw%3Dn">στηλῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fwn">Ἡρακλείων</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fxontos">περιέχοντος</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fptwken">πέπτωκεν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2F">ὑπό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fan">μεσημβρίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xeimerina%5Cs">χειμερινὰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29shmerinh%3Ds">ἰσημερινῆς</w> <w lemma="katafora%3Ds">καταφορᾶς</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5C">ἣ</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fptei">πίπτει</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fous">Ἡρακλείους</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w>.
<w lemma="au%28%3Dtai">αὗται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="xw%3Drai">χῶραι</w> <w lemma="kaqolikw%2Fteron">καθολικώτερον</w> <w lemma="qewrou%2Fmenai">θεωρούμεναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fan">μεσημβρίαν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fxousi">ἐπέχουσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29natolw%3Dn">ἀνατολῶν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w>.
<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fph">Εὐρώπη</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftais">ταύταις</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frais">ἀμφοτέραις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frktous">ἄρκτους</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipara%2Fkeitai">ἀντιπαράκειται</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29natolw%3Dn">ἀνατολῶν</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fkousa">παρήκουσα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fxri">ἄχρι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w>,
<w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28losxere%2Fsteron">ὁλοσχερέστερον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="baqu%2Fteron">βαθύτερον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frktous">ἄρκτους</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2Atana%2Fidos">Τανάιδος</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ana%2Frbwnos">Νάρβωνος</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5Cn">πολὺν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxei">ἀπέχει</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassali%2Fas">Μασσαλίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w> <w lemma="stoma%2Ftwn">στομάτων</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fnion">Σαρδόνιον</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w> <w lemma="e%29ci%2Fhsin">ἐξίησιν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnos">προειρημένος</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fs">ποταμός</w>.
<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ana%2Frbwnos">Νάρβωνος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fmontai">νέμονται</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnwn">προσαγορευομένων</w> <w lemma="%2Apurhnai%2Fwn">Πυρηναίων</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="diatei%2Fnei">διατείνει</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%2Fs">ἐκτός</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphs">Εὐρώπης</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fpton">συνάπτον</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fous">Ἡρακλείους</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fxetai">περιέχεται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2F">ὑπό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w>, <w lemma="kalei%3Dtai">καλεῖται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dkon">παρῆκον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fwn">Ἡρακλείων</w> <w lemma="sthlw%3Dn">στηλῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fa">Ἰβηρία</w>,
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhn">προσαγορευομένην</w> <w lemma="koinh%5Cn">κοινὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29nomasi%2Fan">ὀνομασίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prosfa%2Ftws">προσφάτως</w> <w lemma="katwpteu%3Dsqai">κατωπτεῦσθαι</w>, <w lemma="katoikei%3Dtai">κατοικεῖται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="e%29qnw%3Dn">ἐθνῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poluanqrw%2Fpwn">πολυανθρώπων</w>, <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w>
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<head>Three Geographic Divisions of the World</head>This principle established as universally applicable to<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note62">General view of the geography of the world.</note>the world, the next point will be to make the geography of our own part of it intelligible by a corresponding division.It falls, then, into three divisions, each distinguished by a particular name,—Asia, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a>, Europe.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note63">This division of the world into three parts was an advance upon the ancient geographers, who divided it into two, combining <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a> with Asia, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Africa&groupId=300&placeId=294">Africa</a> with Europe. See<bibl n="Sal. Jug. 17" default="NO" valid="yes">Sall.<title>Jug.</title>17</bibl>;<bibl n="Luc. 9.411" default="NO" valid="yes">Lucan,<title>Phars</title>. 9, 411</bibl>;<bibl n="Var. L. 5.31" default="NO" valid="yes">Varro de L. L. 5, § 31</bibl>. And note on<ref target="b12c25" targOrder="U">12, 25</ref>.</note>The boundaries are respectively the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Don&groupId=127&placeId=365">Don</a>, the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Nile&groupId=794&placeId=449">Nile</a>, and the Straits of the Pillars of Hercules. Asia lies between the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Don&groupId=127&placeId=365">Don</a> and the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Nile&groupId=794&placeId=449">Nile</a>, and lies under that portion of the heaven which is between the northeast and the south. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> lies between the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Nile&groupId=794&placeId=449">Nile</a> and the Pillars of Hercules, and falls beneath the south portion of the heaven, extending to the south-west without a break, till it reaches the point of the equinoctial sunset, which corresponds with the Pillars of Hercules. These two divisions of the earth, therefore, regarded in a general point of view, occupy all that part which is south of the Mediterranean from east to west. Europe with respect to both of these lies to the north facing them, and extending continuously from east to west. Its most important and extensive part lies under the northern sky between the river <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Don&groupId=127&placeId=365">Don</a> and the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Narbo&groupId=786&placeId=1423">Narbo</a>, which is only a short distance west of Marseilles and the mouths by which the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a> discharges itself into the Sardinian Sea. From <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Narbo&groupId=786&placeId=1423">Narbo</a> is the district occupied by the Celts as far as the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pyrenees&groupId=921&placeId=1650">Pyrenees</a>, stretching continuously from the Mediterranean to the Mare Externum. The rest of Europe south of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pyrenees&groupId=921&placeId=1650">Pyrenees</a>, to the point where it approaches the Pillars of Hercules, is bounded on one side by the Mediterranean, on the other by the Mare Externum: and that part of it which is washed by the Mediterranean as far as the Pillars of Hercules is called Iberia, while the part which lies along the Outer or Great Sea has no general name, because it has but recently been discovered, and is inhabited entirely by barbarous tribes, who are very numerous, and of whom I will speak in more detail hereafter.
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