Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 22

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<w lemma="%2Agίnontai">Γίνονται</w> <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="sunqh%3Dkai">συνθῆκαι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdonίois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtai">πρῶται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleύkion">Λεύκιον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ioύnion">Ἰούνιον</w> <w lemma="%2Abrou%3Dton">Βροῦτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amάrkon">Μάρκον</w> <w lemma="%2A%28wrάtion">Ὡράτιον</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prώtous">πρώτους</w> <w lemma="katastaqέntas">κατασταθέντας</w> <w lemma="u%28pάtous">ὑπάτους</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="basilέwn">βασιλέων</w> <w lemma="katάlusin">κατάλυσιν</w>, <w lemma="u%28f’">ὑφ’</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="sunέbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="kaqierwqh%3Dnai">καθιερωθῆναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Adio%5Cs">Διὸς</w> <w lemma="i%28ero%5Cn">ἱερὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akapetwlίou">Καπετωλίου</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="prόtera">πρότερα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Acέrcou">Ξέρξου</w> <w lemma="diabάsews">διαβάσεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellάda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="triάkont’">τριάκοντ’</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftesi">ἔτεσι</w> <w lemma="leίpousi">λείπουσι</w> <w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="kaq’">καθ’</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29kribέstata">ἀκριβέστατα</w> <w lemma="diermhneύsantes">διερμηνεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pogegrάfamen">ὑπογεγράφαμεν</w>. <w lemma="thlikaύth">τηλικαύτη</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="diafora%5C">διαφορὰ</w> <w lemma="gέgone">γέγονε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="dialέktou">διαλέκτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxaίan">ἀρχαίαν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="sunetwtάtous">συνετωτάτους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnia">ἔνια</w> <w lemma="mόlis">μόλις</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29pistάsews">ἐπιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="dieukrinei%3Dn">διευκρινεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%3Dkai">συνθῆκαι</w> <w lemma="toiaίde">τοιαίδε</w> <w lemma="tinέs:">τινές·</w> <w lemma="“e%29pi%5C">“ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dsde">τοῖσδε</w> <w lemma="filίan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summάxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdonίois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdonίwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="summάxois:">συμμάχοις·</w>
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<w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dn">πλεῖν</w> [<w lemma="makrai%3Ds">μακραῖς</w> <w lemma="nausί">ναυσί</w>] <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summάxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="e%29pέkeina">ἐπέκεινα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akalou%3D">Καλοῦ</w> <w lemma="a%29krwthrίou">ἀκρωτηρίου</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="polemίwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkasqw%3Dsin:">ἀναγκασθῶσιν·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="dέ">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="bίa%7Ckatenexqh%3D%7C">βίᾳκατενεχθῇ</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="e%29cέstw">ἐξέστω</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29gorάzein">ἀγοράζειν</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="lambάnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ploίou">πλοίου</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeuh%5Cn">ἐπισκευὴν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="i%28erά">ἱερά</w>,
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[<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pέnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="h%28mέrais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="a%29potrexέtw">ἀποτρεχέτω</w>.]
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kat’">κατ’</w> <w lemma="e%29mporίan">ἐμπορίαν</w> <w lemma="paraginomέnois">παραγινομένοις</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstw">ἔστω</w> <w lemma="tέlos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="kήruki">κήρυκι</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="grammatei%3D">γραμματεῖ</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="toύtwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="parόntwn">παρόντων</w> <w lemma="praqh%3D%7C">πραθῇ</w>, <w lemma="dhmosίa%7C">δημοσίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pίstei">πίστει</w> <w lemma="o%29feilέsqw">ὀφειλέσθω</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="a%29podomέnw%7C">ἀποδομένῳ</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibύh%7C">Λιβύῃ</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Asardόni">Σαρδόνι</w> <w lemma="praqh%3D%7C">πραθῇ</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asikelίan">Σικελίαν</w> <w lemma="paragίnhtai">παραγίνηται</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdόnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="e%29pάrxousin">ἐπάρχουσιν</w>, <w lemma="i%29%2Fsa">ἴσα</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstw">ἔστω</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pάnta">πάντα</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Akarxhdόnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="a%29dikeίtwsan">ἀδικείτωσαν</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dmon">δῆμον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ardeatw%3Dn">Ἀρδεατῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29antiatw%3Dn">Ἀντιατῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2Alarentίnwn">Λαρεντίνων</w>, <w lemma="%2Akirkaiitw%3Dn">Κιρκαιιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2Atarrakinitw%3Dn">Ταρρακινιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="mhd’">μηδ’</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllon">ἄλλον</w> <w lemma="mhdέna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="%2Alatίnwno%28%2Fsoi">Λατίνωνὅσοι</w>, <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="u%28pήkooi:">ὑπήκοοι·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="dέ">δέ</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="w%29%3Dsin">ὦσιν</w> <w lemma="u%28pήkooi">ὑπήκοοι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pόlewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="a%29pexέsqwsan:">ἀπεχέσθωσαν·</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="lάbwsi">λάβωσι</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29podidόtwsan">ἀποδιδότωσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29kέraion">ἀκέραιον</w>.
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<w lemma="froύrion">φρούριον</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="e%29noikodomeίtwsan">ἐνοικοδομείτωσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Alatίnh%7C">Λατίνῃ</w>. <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="polέmioi">πολέμιοι</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xώran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sέlqwsin">εἰσέλθωσιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="xώra%7C">χώρᾳ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="e%29nnuktereuέtwsan”">ἐννυκτερευέτωσαν”</w>.
<head>Treaties between <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and Carthage</head>The first treaty between <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> was made in the year of Lucius Junius Brutus and Marcus Horatius, the first Consuls appointed after the expulsion of the kings, by which men also the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus was consecrated. This was twenty-eight years before the invasion of Greece by Xerxes.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note41">The first treaty, B. C. 509-508.</note>Of this treaty I append a translation, as accurate as I could make it,—for the fact is that the ancient language differs so much from that at present in use, that the best scholars among the Romans themselves have great difficulty in interpreting some points in it, even after much study. The treaty is as follows:—"There shall be friendship between the Romans and their allies, and the Carthaginians and their allies, on these conditions:"Neither the Romans nor their allies are to sail beyond the Fair Promontory, unless driven by stress of weather or the fear of enemies. If any one of them be driven ashore he shall not buy or take aught for himself save what is needful for the repair of his ship and the service of the gods, and he shall depart within five days."Men landing for traffic shall strike no bargain save in the presence of a herald or town-clerk. Whatever is sold in the presence of these, let the price be secured to the seller on the credit of the state—that is to say, if such sale be in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> or <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>."If any Roman comes to the Carthaginian province in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> he shall enjoy all rights enjoyed by others. The Carthaginians shall do no injury to the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ardea&groupId=357&placeId=683">Ardea</a>, Antium, Laurentium, Circeii, Tarracina, nor any other people of the Latins that are subject to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>."From those townships even which are not subject to Rome<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note42">i.e. in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Latium&groupId=673&placeId=1231">Latium</a>.</note>they shall hold their hands; and if they take one shall deliver it unharmed to the Romans. They shall build no fort<pb n="186" />in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Latium&groupId=673&placeId=1231">Latium</a>; and if they enter the district in arms, they shall not stay a night therein."