<w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="poihso%2Fmeqa">ποιησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29chgh%2Fsews">ἐξηγήσεως</w>. <w lemma="u%28podei%2Fcantes">ὑποδείξαντες</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prodedhlwme%2Fnos">προδεδηλωμένος</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fsth">συνέστη</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemos">πόλεμος</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuqei%5Cs">προσαγορευθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29annibiako%2Fs">Ἀννιβιακός</w>,
<w lemma="e%29rou%3Dmen">ἐροῦμεν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29mbalo%2Fntes">ἐμβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katalu%2Fsantes">καταλύσαντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgan">μέγαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fgagon">ἤγαγον</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="sfw%3Dn">σφῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w> <w lemma="e%29da%2Ffous">ἐδάφους</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flas">μεγάλας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxon">ἔσχον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcous">παραδόξους</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fsontes">κρατήσοντες</w>.
<w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="peiraso%2Fmeqa">πειρασόμεθα</w> <w lemma="diasafei%3Dn">διασαφεῖν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedw%5Cn">Μακεδὼν</w> <w lemma="diapolemh%2Fsas">διαπολεμήσας</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%3Ds">Αἰτωλοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="susthsa%2Fmenos">συστησάμενος</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Fleto">ἐπεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="koinwnei%3Dn">κοινωνεῖν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdwn">ἐλπίδων</w>,
<w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopa%2Ftwr">Φιλοπάτωρ</w> <w lemma="h%29mfisbh%2Ftoun">ἠμφισβήτουν</w>, <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pole%2Fmhsan">ἐπολέμησαν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi%2Flhs">Κοίλης</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fas">Συρίας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flous">ἀλλήλους</w>,
<w lemma="%2A%28ro%2Fdioi">Ῥόδιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aprousi%2Fas">Προυσίας</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabo%2Fntes">ἀναλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Abuzanti%2Fous">Βυζαντίους</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkasan">ἠνάγκασαν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29posth%3Dnai">ἀποστῆναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="paragwgia%2Fzein">παραγωγιάζειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ple%2Fontas">πλέοντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fnton">Πόντον</w>.
<w lemma="sth%2Fsantes">στήσαντες</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsin">διήγησιν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w> <w lemma="susthso%2Fmeqa">συστησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="u%28podei%2Fcomen">ὑποδείξομεν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgista">μέγιστα</w> <w lemma="suneba%2Flet%27">συνεβάλετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="politeu%2Fmatos">πολιτεύματος</w> <w lemma="i%29dio%2Fths">ἰδιότης</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29nakth%2Fsasqai">ἀνακτήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italiwtw%3Dn">Ἰταλιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeliwtw%3Dn">Σικελιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibh%2Frwn">Ἰβήρων</w> <w lemma="proslabei%3Dn">προσλαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fsantas">κρατήσαντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnnoian">ἔννοιαν</w> <w lemma="sxei%3Dn">σχεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fkbasin">παρέκβασιν</w> <w lemma="dhlw%2Fsomen">δηλώσομεν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2Flusin">κατάλυσιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwnos">Ἱέρωνος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fou">Συρακοσίου</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="e%29pisuna%2Fyomen">ἐπισυνάψομεν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgupton">Αἴγυπτον</w> <w lemma="taraxa%5Cs">ταραχὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fna">τίνα</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%2Fou">Πτολεμαίου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="metalla%2Fcantos">μεταλλάξαντος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="sumfronh%2Fsantes">συμφρονήσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="diaire%2Fsei">διαιρέσει</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kataleleimme%2Fnou">καταλελειμμένου</w> <w lemma="paido%5Cs">παιδὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="kakopragmonei%3Dn">κακοπραγμονεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Fllein">ἐπιβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgaion">Αἴγαιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akari%2Fan">Καρίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asa%2Fmon">Σάμον</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi%2Flhn">Κοίλην</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fan">Συρίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afoini%2Fkhn">Φοινίκην</w>.
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<head>Plan: Causes of Wars</head>First I shall indicate the causes of the Punic or<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note3">1. The cause and course of the Hannibalian war.</note>Hannibalian war: and shall have to describe how the Carthaginians entered <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>; broke up the Roman power there; made the Romans tremble for their safety and the very soil of their country; and contrary to all calculation acquired a good prospect of surprising <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> itself.I shall next try to make it clear how in the same period<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note4">2. Macedonian treaty with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, B. C. 216.</note>Philip of Macedon, after finishing his war with the Aetolians, and subsequently settling the affairs of Greece, entered upon a design of forming an offensive and defensive alliance with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>.Then I shall tell how Antiochus and Ptolemy Philopator<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note5">3. Syrian war, B. C. 218.</note>first quarrelled and finally went to war with each other for the possession of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coele-Syria&groupId=484&placeId=908">Coele-Syria</a>.Next how the Rhodians and Prusias went to war with the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note6">4. Byzantine war. B. C. 220.</note>Byzantines, and compelled them to desist from exacting dues from ships sailing into the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pontus&groupId=910&placeId=1634">Pontus</a>.At this point I shall pause in my narrative to introduce a<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note7">First digression on the Roman Constitution.</note>disquisition upon the Roman Constitution, in which I shall show that its peculiar character contributed largely to their success, not only in reducing all <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> to their authority, and in acquiring a supremacy over the Iberians and Gauls besides, but also at last, after their conquest of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, to their conceiving the idea of universal dominion.Along with this I shall introduce another<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">Second on Hiero of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>.</note>digression on the fall of Hiero of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>.After these digressions will come the disturbances in<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note9">5. The attempted partition of the dominions of Ptolemy Epiphanes, B. C. 204.</note><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>; how, after the death of King Ptolemy, Antiochus and Philip entered into a compact for the partition of the dominions of that monarch's infant son. I shall describe their treacherous dealings, Philip laying hands upon the islands of the Aegean, and Caria and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Samos&groupId=944&placeId=1680">Samos</a>, Antiochus upon <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coele-Syria&groupId=484&placeId=908">Coele-Syria</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phoenicia&groupId=894&placeId=464">Phoenicia</a>.<pb n="168" />
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Walbank Commentary