<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28potiqe%2Fmeqa">ὑποτιθέμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fas">πραγματείας</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="summaxiko%5Cn">συμμαχικὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29annibiako%2Fn">Ἀννιβιακόν</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi%2Flhs">Κοίλης</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fas">Συρίας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fth%7C">πρώτῃ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcews">συντάξεως</w>, <w lemma="tri%2Fth%7C">τρίτῃ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="a%29nw%2Fteron">ἀνώτερον</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblw%7C">βύβλῳ</w> <w lemma="dedhlw%2Fkamen:">δεδηλώκαμεν·</w>
<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="a%29nadramo%2Fntes">ἀναδραμόντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnois">χρόνοις</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="sunetaca%2Fmeqa">συνεταξάμεθα</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblous">βύβλους</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> '<w lemma="kei%2Fnh%7C">κείνῃ</w> <w lemma="diesafh%2Fsamen">διεσαφήσαμεν</w>.
<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peiraso%2Fmeqa">πειρασόμεθα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmous">πολέμους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fnonto">ἐγένοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="hu%29ch%2Fqhsan">ηὐξήθησαν</w>, <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29podei%2Fcews">ἀποδείξεως</w> <w lemma="e%29cagge%2Fllein">ἐξαγγέλλειν</w>, <w lemma="braxe%2Fa">βραχέα</w> <w lemma="proeipo%2Fntes">προειπόντες</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fas">πραγματείας</w>.
<w lemma="o%29%2Fntos">ὄντος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%28no%5Cs">ἑνὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgou">ἔργου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qea%2Fmatos">θεάματος</w> <w lemma="e%28no%5Cs">ἑνὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmpantos">σύμπαντος</w>, <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="gra%2Ffein">γράφειν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikexeirh%2Fkamen">ἐπικεχειρήκαμεν</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fte">πότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="gnwrizo%2Fmena">γνωριζόμενα</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w>,
<w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontos">ἔχοντος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="gnwrizome%2Fnhn">γνωριζομένην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnon">ὡρισμένον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sunte%2Fleian">συντέλειαν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnhn">ὁμολογουμένην</w>, <w lemma="xrh%2Fsimon">χρήσιμον</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%2Fmeq%27">ἡγούμεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstwn">μεγίστων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flous">τέλους</w>, <w lemma="kefalaiwdw%3Ds">κεφαλαιωδῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pimnhsqh%3Dnai">ἐπιμνησθῆναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proekqe%2Fsqai">προεκθέσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnomen">ὑπολαμβάνομεν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="filomaqou%3Dsi">φιλομαθοῦσι</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fsein">παρασκευάσειν</w> <w lemma="i%28kanh%5Cn">ἱκανὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnnoian">ἔννοιαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>.
<w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="prolambanou%2Fshs">προλαμβανούσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="yuxh%3Ds">ψυχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dsin">γνῶσιν</w>, <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%2Fmhn">ἐπιστήμην</w>, <w lemma="a%29ri%2Fsthn">ἀρίστην</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%2Fmenoi">ἡγούμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qe%2Fan">θέαν</w> <w lemma="a%29ko%2Flouqon">ἀκόλουθον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rhme%2Fnois">εἰρημένοις</w> <w lemma="poihso%2Fmeqa">ποιησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proe%2Fkqesin">προέκθεσιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fas">πραγματείας</w>.
<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28poqe%2Fsews">ὑποθέσεως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmfasin">ἔμφασιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="perigrafh%5Cn">περιγραφὴν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="dedhlw%2Fkamen">δεδηλώκαμεν</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmous">πολέμους</w>, <w lemma="katastrofh%5Cn">καταστροφὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunte%2Fleian">συντέλειαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2Flusin">κατάλυσιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fa%7C">Μακεδονίᾳ</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fas">βασιλείας</w>, <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flous">τέλους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fth">ἔτη</w> <w lemma="penth%2Fkonta">πεντήκοντα</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fa">τρία</w>,
<w lemma="perie%2Fxesqai">περιέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Ftas">τηλικαύτας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsas">ὅσας</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="progegono%2Ftwn">προγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsw%7C">ἴσῳ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Flabe">περιέλαβε</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmati">διαστήματι</w>.
<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28katosth%3Ds">ἑκατοστῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tettarakosth%3Ds">τετταρακοστῆς</w> <w lemma="o%29lumpia%2Fdos">ὀλυμπιάδος</w> <w lemma="a%29rca%2Fmenoi">ἀρξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="toia%2Fnde">τοιάνδε</w>
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<head>Summary of the Work</head>I STATED in my first book that my work was to start from the Social war, the Hannibalian war, and the war for the possession of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coele-Syria&groupId=484&placeId=908">Coele-Syria</a>. In the same book I stated my reasons for devoting my first two books to a sketch of the period preceding those events. I will now, after a few prefatory remarks as to the scope of my own work, address myself to giving a complete account of these wars, the causes which led to them, and which account for the proportions to which they attained.The one aim and object, then, of all that I have undertaken<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note1">A summary of the work from B. C. 220 to B. C. 168.</note>to write is to show how, when, and why all the known parts of the world fell under the dominion of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. Now as this great event admits of being exactly dated as to its beginning, duration, and final accomplishment, I think it will be advantageous to give, by way of preface, a summary statement of the most important phases in it between the beginning and the end. For I think I shall thus best secure to the student an adequate idea of my whole plan; for as the comprehension of the whole is a help to the understanding of details, and the knowledge of details of great service to the clear conception of the whole; believing that the best and clearest knowledge is that which is obtained from a combination of these, I will preface my whole history by a brief summary of its contents.I have already described its scope and limits. As to its several parts, the first consists of the above mentioned wars, while the conclusion or closing scene is the fall of the Macedonian monarchy. The time included between these limits is fifty-three years; and never has an equal space embraced<pb n="167" />events of such magnitude and importance.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note2">B. C. 220-216.</note>In describing them I shall start from the 140th Olympiad and shall arrange my exposition in the following order:
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Walbank Commentary