<w lemma="%2Ath%3D%7C">Τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pau%2Frion">ἐπαύριον</w> <w lemma="a%29nazeu%2Fcantes">ἀναζεύξαντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dgon">ἦγον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fkouon">ἤκουον</w> <w lemma="stratopedeu%2Fein">στρατοπεδεύειν</w>. <w lemma="deuterai%3Doi">δευτεραῖοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pibalo%2Fntes">ἐπιβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbalon">παρενέβαλον</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="penth%2Fkonta">πεντήκοντα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="a%29posxo%2Fntes">ἀποσχόντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Aleu%2Fkios">Λεύκιος</w> <w lemma="sunqeasa%2Fmenos">συνθεασάμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdous">ἐπιπέδους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yilou%5Cs">ψιλοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fric">πέριξ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="sumba%2Fllein">συμβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppokratou%2Fntwn">ἱπποκρατούντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pispa%3Dsqai">ἐπισπᾶσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proa%2Fgein">προάγειν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftous">τοιούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ple%2Fon">πλέον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pezikw%3Dn">πεζικῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh">μάχη</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Agai+%2Fou">Γαΐου</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29peiri%2Fan">ἀπειρίαν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fas">ἐναντίας</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontos">ὑπάρχοντος</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w>, <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbh%2Fthsis">ἀμφισβήτησις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusxrhsti%2Fa">δυσχρηστία</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="sfalerw%2Ftaton">σφαλερώτατον</w>.
<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Agai+%2Fw%7C">Γαΐῳ</w> <w lemma="kaqhkou%2Fshs">καθηκούσης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29piou%3Dsan">ἐπιοῦσαν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29qismw%3Dn">ἐθισμῶν</w> <w lemma="metalamba%2Fnein">μεταλαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftous">ὑπάτους</w>, <w lemma="a%29nastratopedeu%2Fsas">ἀναστρατοπεδεύσας</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29ggi%2Fsai">ἐγγίσαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>, <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="diamarturome%2Fnou">διαμαρτυρομένου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fontos">κωλύοντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleuki%2Fou">Λευκίου</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%2Fnta">ἀπήντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prospesw%5Cn">προσπεσὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dsi">οὖσι</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="suneple%2Fketo">συνεπλέκετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5Cn">πολὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="qo%2Frubon">θόρυβον</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29pifora%5Cn">ἐπιφορὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29de%2Fcanto">ἐδέξαντο</w>, <w lemma="proqe%2Fmenoi%2F">προθέμενοί</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="bare%2Fsi">βαρέσι</w> <w lemma="kaqoplismoi%3Ds:">καθοπλισμοῖς·</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kontista%5Cs">ἀκοντιστὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pafe%2Fntes">ἐπαφέντες</w> <w lemma="e%29prote%2Froun">ἐπροτέρουν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="sumplokh%5Cn">συμπλοκὴν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fein">ἐφεδρεύειν</w> <w lemma="a%29cio%2Flogon">ἀξιόλογον</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29namemigme%2Fnas">ἀναμεμιγμένας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnois">εὐζώνοις</w> <w lemma="o%28mo%2Fse">ὁμόσε</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fein">κινδυνεύειν</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="spei%2Fras">σπείρας</w>.
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29xwri%2Fsqhsan">ἐχωρίσθησαν</w> <w lemma="a%29p%27">ἀπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29kba%2Fshs">ἐκβάσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fsews:">ἐπιθέσεως·</w>
<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pau%2Frion">ἐπαύριον</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleu%2Fkios">Λεύκιος</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxesqai">μάχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnwn">κρίνων</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fgein">ἀπάγειν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="stratia%5Cn">στρατιὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenos">δυνάμενος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dusi%5C">δυσὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresi">μέρεσι</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29%2Ffidon">Αὔφιδον</w> <w lemma="kalou%2Fmenon">καλούμενον</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fn">ποταμόν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnos">μόνος</w> <w lemma="diarrei%3D">διαρρεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apenni%3Dnon">Ἀπεννῖνον</w> —
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fros">ὄρος</w> <w lemma="sunexe%2Fs">συνεχές</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="diei%2Frgei">διείργει</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="r%28u%2Fseis">ῥύσεις</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhniko%5Cn">Τυρρηνικὸν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan:">Ἀδρίαν·</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="r%28e%2Fonta">ῥέοντα</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29%2Ffidon">Αὔφιδον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="phga%5Cs">πηγὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhniko%5Cn">Τυρρηνικὸν</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fmasi">κλίμασι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w>, <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbolh%5Cn">ἐκβολὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> — <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Ftw%7C">τρίτῳ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w>,
<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fsews">διαβάσεως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29natola%2Fs">ἀνατολάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29ba%2Fleto">ἐβάλετο</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="a%29posxw%2Fn">ἀποσχών</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="mikrw%3D%7C">μικρῷ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w>,
<w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="prokaqh%3Dsqai">προκαθῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="pronomeuo%2Fntwn">προνομευόντων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pikei%3Dsqai">ἐπικεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w>.
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<head>Skirmishes Before Cannae</head>Next morning the two Consuls broke up their camp,<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note173">The Roman army approaches <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cannae&groupId=430&placeId=797">Cannae</a>.</note>and advanced to where they heard that the enemy were entrenched. On the second day they arrived within sight of them, and pitched their camp at about fifty stades' distance. But when Aemilius observed that the ground was flat and bare for some distance round, he said that they must not engage there with an enemy superior to them in cavalry; but that they must rather try to draw him off, and lead him to ground on which the battle would be more in the hands of the infantry. But Gaius Terentius being, from inexperience, of a contrary opinion, there was a dispute and misunderstanding between the leaders, which of all things is the most dangerous.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note174">Terentius Varro orders an advance.</note>It is the custom, when the two Consuls are present, that they should take the chief command on alternate days; and the next day happening to be the turn of Terentius, he ordered an advance with a view of approaching the enemy, in spite of the protests and active opposition of his colleague. Hannibal set his light-armed troops and cavalry in motion to meet him, and charging the Romans while they were still marching, took them by surprise and caused a great confusion in their ranks.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note175">The Romans are successful.</note>The Romans repulsed the first charge by putting some of their heavy-armed in front; and then sending forward their light-armed and<pb n="267" />cavalry, began to get the best of the fight all along the line: the Carthaginians having no reserves of any importance, while certain companies of the legionaries were mixed with the Roman light-armed, and helped to sustain the battle. Nightfall for the present put an end to a struggle which had not at all answered to the hopes of the Carthaginians. But next day Aemilius, not thinking it right to engage, and yet being unable any longer to lead off his army, encamped with twothirds of it on the banks of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aufidus&groupId=384&placeId=723">Aufidus</a>, the only river which flows right through the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apennines&groupId=343&placeId=664">Apennines</a>,—that chain of mountains which forms the watershed of all the Italian rivers, which flow either west to the Tuscan sea, or east to the Hadriatic. This chain is, I say, pierced by the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aufidus&groupId=384&placeId=723">Aufidus</a>, which rises on the side of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> nearest the Tuscan Sea, and is discharged into the Hadriatic. For the other third of his army he caused a camp to be made across the river, to the east of the ford, about ten stades from his own lines, and a little more from those of the enemy; that these men, being on the other side of the river, might protect his own foraging parties, and threaten those of the enemy.
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Walbank Commentary