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Book 21 - Chapter 33

1
<head lang="la">III. Res Asiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxon">Ἀντίοχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fas">Ἀσίας</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="presbei%3Dai">πρεσβεῖαι</w> <w lemma="diepra%2Fttonto">διεπράττοντο</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w> <w lemma="e%29polemei%3Dto">ἐπολεμεῖτο</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Agala%2Ftas">Γαλάτας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelesqh%3Dnai">ἐπιτελεσθῆναι</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29nista%2Fmeqa">ἐνιστάμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsin">διήγησιν</w>. —
2
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kateudokh%2Fsas">κατευδοκήσας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskw%7C">νεανίσκῳ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fnthsin">ἀπάντησιν</w>, <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fluse">ἀπέλυσε</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dm%27">παραχρῆμ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Ape%2Frgamon">Πέργαμον</w>. —
<head>The War with the Gauls of Asia</head>While the negotiations for peace with Antiochus, and for the settlement of Asia generally were going on at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and the Aetolian war was being fought in Greece, it happened that another war in Asia, that, namely, against the Gauls, was brought to a conclusion, the account of which I am now about to give. . . .

Walbank Commentary

Overview
21.33.1 - 21.39.14
<p rend="Plain Text">Fragments from P.'s account of Cn. Manlius Vulso's war against the Galatians (189)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">On the relation of these fragments to the Polybian account in Livy, xxxviii. 12. 1–27. 9 see p. 6. They belong to res Asiae of Ol. 147, 3 = 190/89; Manlius' campaign is in summer 189. For the view of Mommsen and Beloch (cf. Pdech, Methode, 360, 519–20) that P. served personally under Manlius see Vol. I, p. 1 n. 1; it depends on the assumption that he was born by 208. See against this Lehmann, 273 n. 269 and below, 38. 7 n.</p> <p rend="Plain Text">P.'s account is, however, ultimately derived from an eyewitness, and his source has a special interest in economic and religious detail; cf. Livy, xxxviii. 13. 1 (oracle of Apollo at Hiera Come), 13. 5–7 (the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maeander&groupId=725&placeId=1330">Maeander</a>, origin of the people of Celaenae, the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Marsyas&groupId=738&placeId=1350">Marsyas</a> river and story of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Marsyas&groupId=738&placeId=1350">Marsyas</a>), 14. 2 (river Indus named after an Indian who fell from an elephant), 16. 1–15 (history of the Gallograeci), 18. 4 (name Axylon; use of dung for fuel), 18. 8 (Sangarius a source of fish), 18. 11–12 (<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Gordium&groupId=607&placeId=1120">Gordium</a> as a trading centre). A possible source is Eratosthenes, the son of Agacles (FGH, 745), whose Galatika went down at least as far as 156, and who mentioned the Hyrcanian plain (cf. Livy, xxxvii. 38. 1) and Hydrela (cf. Livy, xxxvii. 56. 3); but his date is unknown (cf. Knaack, RE, 'Eratosthenes (5)', cols. 388–9). Hannibal's libri . . . de Cn. Manlii Vulsonis in Asia rebus gestis (Nepos, Hann. 13. 2 = FGH, 181) were probably a political brochure intended to win Rhodian support against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (Sthelin, 59 n. 6). See further Niese, ii. 751–7; Holleaux, CAH, viii. 228–9; tudes, v. 419–20, for Manlius' campaign in general.</p>
Specifics
21.33.1 - 21.33.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ . . . αἱ πρεσβεῖαι διεπράττοντο</w>:</emph> cf. 18. 1–24. 15, i.e. early summer 189. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἔθνος ἐπολεμεῖτο</w>:</emph> cf. 25. 1–32. 15, i.e. winter 190/89 to summer 189. See Livy, xxxviii. 12. 1, 'eadem non aestate solum, sed etiam iisdem prope diebus, quibus haec a M. Fuluio consule in Aetolia gesta sunt, consul alter Cn. Manlius in Gallograecia bellum gessit, quod nunc ordiri pergam.' Livy omits the reference to the embassies (which he had dealt with in book xxxvii) and may have added the emphasis on the coincidence to within a day or two between the Galatian war and the Aetolian settlement. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν . . . πρὸς τοὺς Γαλάτας πόλεμον</w>:</emph> the consul Cn. Manlius Vulso (cf. 24. 9 n.) reached Ephesus in spring 189, took over L. Scipio's troops and at once called on them to prosecute a new war against the Galatians, who had allegedly supported Antiochus (Livy, xxxviii. 12. 3–5), and without whose defeat victory over Antiochus would be in vain (Livy, xxxviii. 12. 2–4). The Galatians had supplied mercenaries amounting to 1,500 foot and 2,500 horse (Livy, xxxvii. 40. 10, 41. 13) at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a>, and had shared in the raid on Pergamum <milestone unit="page" n="140">[140]</milestone> <figure> <graphic url="21003.gif" scale="100%" /> </figure> </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> FIG. 3 CN. MANLIUS VULSO'S ROUTE AGAINST THE GALATIANS (189) <milestone unit="page" n="141">[141]</milestone> in 190 (Livy, xxxvii. 18. 7; on the raid, above, 10 n.). But Manlius' real aim was plunder and glorythough the war gave him an excellent knowledge of Asia (Errington, Dawn, 179–80). </p>
21.33.2 - 21.33.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῷ νεανίσκῳ</w>:</emph> Attalus, younger brother of Eumenes of Pergamum who was at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. In his absence Manlius summoned Attalus from Pergamum 'hortatusque ad capessendum secum bellum pollicentem suam suorumque operam domum ad comparandum dimittit' (Livy, xxxviii. 12. 7). The later Attalus II was born in 220 (cf. xviii. 41. 10 n.) and so was 31 at this time (cf. Holleaux, tudes, ii. 5 n. 5; Hansen <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> , 45 n. 94); he succeeded Eumenes, probably in 158 (see p. 39). On the four brothers and their mother, Apollonis, see xii. 20. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> The narrative linking § 2 and 34. 1 is covered by Livy, xxxviii. 12. 8–14. 2. Attalus joined Manlius at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a> with 1,000 foot and 500 cavalry, having ordered his younger brother Athenaeus to follow with further forces. They crossed the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maeander&groupId=725&placeId=1330">Maeander</a> and advanced to Hiera Come in Caria (Livy, xxxviii. 12. 8–10; J. and L. Robert, Bull. pig. 1940, no. 11 (p. 205)). At the river Harpasus Manlius was joined by Athenaeus with a further 1,300 Pergamene troops, and helped the people of Alabanda to recover a castellum. At Antioch-onMaeander he was joined by Seleucus, Antiochus' son, bringing corn, and from there advanced to a fort called Gordiuteichos (its location is uncertain; see T. Drew-Bear, BCH, 1972, 435–43, publishing an inscription from there), and thence to Tabae, some 20 miles southeast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aphrodisias&groupId=344&placeId=665">Aphrodisias</a> (Livy, xxxviii. 13. 1–11; it is modern Kale; cf. Robert, Carie, ii. 80–86). After some resistance its people were compelled to pay 25 talents of silver and 10,000 medimni of wheat (Livy, xxxviii. 13. 12–13). From Tabae Manlius advanced to the river Casus, and took Eriza by storm. The Casus is probably the <w lang="el-GR">Καζά?νης</w>, known from coins of Themisoinum (mod. Karahyk ay); and Eriza has usually been located at Ikian Pazar at the junction of the Karahyk ay and the Horzum ay (Magie, ii. 672). However Robert (Villes <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> , 112 n. 4) finds this impossible, having seen the ruins, and suggests that Eriza lay further north near Karahyk Pazar (see Robert, Villes <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> , pls. xviii and xix). Manlius now came south to the river Indus, expecting some reaction from Moagetes, tyrant of Cibyra; on his route see Magie, ii. 1157. </p>

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