Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 8

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<w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinon">ἔκρινον</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%5C">Ἰλλυριοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nwte%2Frw">ἀνωτέρω</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="h%29di%2Fkoun">ἠδίκουν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ploi+zome%2Fnous">πλοϊζομένους</w> <w lemma="a%29p%27">ἀπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas:">Ἰταλίας·</w>
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<w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Afoini%2Fkhn">Φοινίκην</w> <w lemma="die%2Ftribon">διέτριβον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flou">στόλου</w> <w lemma="xwrizo%2Fmenoi">χωριζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italikw%3Dn">Ἰταλικῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29mpo%2Frwn">ἐμπόρων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsq%27">ἔσθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29su%2Flhsan">ἐσύλησαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsfacan">ἀπέσφαξαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgous">ὀλίγους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zwgri%2Fa%7C">ζωγρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28liskome%2Fnwn">ἁλισκομένων</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%3Dgon">ἀνῆγον</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="parakou%2Fontes">παρακούοντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29gkalou%2Fntwn">ἐγκαλούντων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%3Ds">Ἰλλυριοῖς</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="e%29pelqo%2Fntwn">ἐπελθόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fda">Ἰλλυρίδα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fskeyin">ἐπίσκεψιν</w> <w lemma="poihsome%2Fnous">ποιησομένους</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fi+on">Γάϊον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleu%2Fkion">Λεύκιον</w> <w lemma="%2Akorogkani%2Fous">Κορογκανίους</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ateu%2Fta">Τεύτα</w>, <w lemma="katapleusa%2Fntwn">καταπλευσάντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpei%2Frou">Ἠπείρου</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbwn">λέμβων</w>, <w lemma="kataplagei%3Dsa">καταπλαγεῖσα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ka%2Fllos">κάλλος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29gome%2Fnhs">ἀγομένης</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%3Ds">κατασκευῆς</w> — <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="%2Afoini%2Fkh">Φοινίκη</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffere">διέφερε</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fhpeiron">Ἤπειρον</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="eu%29daimoni%2Fa%7C">εὐδαιμονίᾳ</w> — <w lemma="diplasi%2Fws">διπλασίως</w> <w lemma="e%29perrw%2Fsqh">ἐπερρώσθη</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fan">ἀδικίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsxen">ἐπέσχεν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29gxwri%2Fous">ἐγχωρίους</w> <w lemma="taraxa%2Fs">ταραχάς</w>, <w lemma="katasthsame%2Fnh">καταστησαμένη</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%2Fntas">ἀποστάντας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriou%5Cs">Ἰλλυριοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29polio%2Frkei">ἐπολιόρκει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fissan">Ἴσσαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnhn">μόνην</w> <w lemma="a%29peiqei%3Dn">ἀπειθεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fpleusan">κατέπλευσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis:">πρέσβεις·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="doqe%2Fntos">δοθέντος</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnteucin">ἔντευξιν</w> <w lemma="diele%2Fgonto">διελέγοντο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w> <w lemma="a%29dikhma%2Ftwn">ἀδικημάτων</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ateu%2Fta">Τεύτα</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="koinologi%2Fan">κοινολογίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29gerw%2Fxws">ἀγερώχως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="u%28perhfa%2Fnws">ὑπερηφάνως</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fkouen">διήκουεν</w>.
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<w lemma="katapausa%2Fntwn">καταπαυσάντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>, <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="peira%3Dsqai">πειρᾶσθαι</w> <w lemma="fronti%2Fzein">φροντίζειν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkhma">ἀδίκημα</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnhtai">γίνηται</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn:">Ἰλλυριῶν·</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fa%7C">ἰδίᾳ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmimon">νόμιμον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="basileu%3Dsi">βασιλεῦσι</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fein">κωλύειν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%3Ds">Ἰλλυριοῖς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%2Fas">ὠφελείας</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="new%2Fteros">νεώτερος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="dusxera%2Fnas">δυσχεράνας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rhme%2Fnois">εἰρημένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsato">ἐχρήσατο</w> <w lemma="parrhsi%2Fa%7C">παρρησίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kaqhkou%2Fsh%7C">καθηκούσῃ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn">καιρόν</w>. <w lemma="ei%29%3Dpen">εἶπεν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w>,
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<w lemma="w%29%3D">ὦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ateu%2Fta">Τεύτα</w>, <w lemma="ka%2Flliston">κάλλιστον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikh%2Fmata">ἀδικήματα</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="metaporeu%2Fesqai">μεταπορεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29dikoume%2Fnois:">ἀδικουμένοις·</w>
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<w lemma="peiraso%2Fmeqa">πειρασόμεθα</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="qeou%3D">θεοῦ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnou">βουλομένου</w> <w lemma="sfo%2Fdra">σφόδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fsai">ἀναγκάσαι</w> <w lemma="se">σε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="basilika%5C">βασιλικὰ</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmima">νόμιμα</w> <w lemma="diorqw%2Fsasqai">διορθώσασθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriou%2Fs">Ἰλλυριούς</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="gunaikoqu%2Fmws">γυναικοθύμως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29logi%2Fstws">ἀλογίστως</w> <w lemma="decame%2Fnh">δεξαμένη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parrhsi%2Fan">παρρησίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29cwrgi%2Fsqh">ἐξωργίσθη</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%5Cn">ῥηθὲν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrh%2Fsasa">ὀλιγωρήσασα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnwn">ὡρισμένων</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fwn">δικαίων</w> <w lemma="a%29pople%2Fousin">ἀποπλέουσιν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29papostei%3Dlai%2F">ἐπαποστεῖλαί</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="parrhsiasa%2Fmenon">παρρησιασάμενον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbewn">πρέσβεων</w> <w lemma="a%29poktei%3Dnai">ἀποκτεῖναι</w>.
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<w lemma="prospeso%2Fntos">προσπεσόντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftos">γεγονότος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w>, <w lemma="diorgisqe%2Fntes">διοργισθέντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="paranomi%2Fa%7C">παρανομίᾳ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gunaiko%5Cs">γυναικὸς</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fgrafon">κατέγραφον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flon">στόλον</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqroizon">συνήθροιζον</w>.
<head>Queen Teuta and Rome</head>To return to the Illyrians. From time immemorial<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note16">Illyrian piracies.</note>they had oppressed and pillaged vessels sailing from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>; and now while their fleet was engaged at Phoenice a considerable number of them, separating from the main body, committed acts of piracy on a number of Italian merchants: some they merely plundered, others they murdered, and a great many they carried off alive into captivity.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note17">The Romans interfere, B. C. 230.</note>Now, though complaints against the Illyrians had reached the Roman government in times past, they had always been<pb n="106" />neglected; but now when more and more persons approached the Senate on this subject, they appointed two ambassadors, Gaius and Lucius Coruncanius, to go to Illyricum and investigate the matter. But on the arrival of her galleys from Epirus, the enormous quantity and beauty of the spoils which they brought home (for Phoenice was by far the wealthiest city in Epirus at that time), so fired the imagination of Queen Teuta, that she was doubly eager to carry on the predatory warfare on the coasts of Greece. At the moment, however, she was stopped by the rebellion at home; but it had not taken her long to put down the revolt in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, and she was engaged in besieging <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>, the last town which held out, when just at that very time the Roman ambassadors arrived. A time was fixed for their audience, and they proceeded to discuss the injuries which their citizens had sustained.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note18">Queen Teuta's reception of the Roman legates.</note>Throughout the interview, however, Teuta listened with an insolent and disdainful air; and when they had finished their speech, she replied that she would endeavour to take care that no injury should be inflicted on Roman citizens by Illyrian officials; but that it was not the custom for the sovereigns of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> to binder private persons from taking booty at sea. Angered by these words, the younger of the two ambassadors used a plainness of speech which, though thoroughly to the point, was rather ill-timed. "The Romans," he said, "O Teuta, have a most excellent custom of using the State for the punishment of private wrongs and the redress of private grievances: and we will endeavour, God willing, before long to compel you to improve the relations between the sovereign and the subject in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>." The queen received this plain speaking with womanish passion and unreasoning anger.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note19">A Roman legate assassinated.</note>So enraged was she at the speech that, in despite of the conventions universally observed among mankind, she despatched some men after the ambassadors, as they were sailing home, to kill the one who had used this plainness. Upon this being reported at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> the people were highly incensed at the queen's violation of the law of nations, and at once set about preparations for war, enrolling legions and collecting a fleet.<pb n="107" />