<w lemma="%2Aprw%3Dton">Πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>, <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pekra%2Fthse">ἐπεκράτησε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fni">τίνι</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnoma">ὄνομα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnhsi%2Fwn">Πελοποννησίων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fxrhston">ἄχρηστον</w> <w lemma="maqei%3Dn">μαθεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqei">πλήθει</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Frousin">διαφέρουσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Ftrion">πάτριον</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proshgori%2Fan">προσηγορίαν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="plou%2Ftois">πλούτοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29retai%3Ds">ἀρεταῖς</w>.
<w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arka%2Fdwn">Ἀρκάδων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakw%2Fnwn">Λακώνων</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqei">πλήθει</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pere%2Fxei:">ὑπερέχει·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndragaqi%2Fas">ἀνδραγαθίας</w> <w lemma="prwtei%2Fwn">πρωτείων</w> <w lemma="ou%29deni%5C">οὐδενὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Doi%2F">οἷοί</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5Cn">εἰσὶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="paraxwrei%3Dn">παραχωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnoi">προειρημένοι</w>.
<w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="eu%29dokou%3Dsin">εὐδοκοῦσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi%2F">οὗτοί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnhsi%2Fwn">Πελοποννησίων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proshgori%2Fan">προσηγορίαν</w> <w lemma="meteilhfo%2Ftes">μετειληφότες</w>;
<w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhn">τύχην</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fpon:">πρέπον·</w> <w lemma="fau%3Dlon">φαῦλον</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr:">γάρ·</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="zhtei%3Dn">ζητεῖν</w>. <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dokou%2Fntwn">δοκούντων</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="suntelesqh%3Dnai">συντελεσθῆναι</w>. <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29mh%5C">ἐμὴ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fca">δόξα</w>, <w lemma="toiau%2Fth">τοιαύτη</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w>.
<w lemma="i%29shgori%2Fas">ἰσηγορίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parrhsi%2Fas">παρρησίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="dhmokrati%2Fas">δημοκρατίας</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinh%3Ds">ἀληθινῆς</w> <w lemma="su%2Fsthma">σύστημα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29likrineste%2Fran">εἰλικρινεστέραν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Froi">εὕροι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w>.
<w lemma="au%28%2Fth">αὕτη</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29qelonth%5Cn">ἐθελοντὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%28retista%5Cs">αἱρετιστὰς</w> <w lemma="eu%28%3Dre">εὗρε</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnhsi%2Fwn">Πελοποννησίων</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peiqoi%3D">πειθοῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgw%7C">λόγῳ</w> <w lemma="proshga%2Fgeto:">προσηγάγετο·</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="biasame%2Fnh">βιασαμένη</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="eu%29dokei%3Dn">εὐδοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhsen">ἐποίησεν</w> <w lemma="au%28th%3D%7C">αὑτῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkasqe%2Fntas">ἀναγκασθέντας</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29deni%5C">οὐδενὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28poleipome%2Fnh">ὑπολειπομένη</w> <w lemma="pleone%2Fkthma">πλεονέκτημα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w>, <w lemma="i%29%2Fsa">ἴσα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dsa">ποιοῦσα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="proslambanome%2Fnois">προσλαμβανομένοις</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="kaqiknei%3Dto">καθικνεῖτο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnhs">προκειμένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>, <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="sunergoi%3Ds">συνεργοῖς</w> <w lemma="xrwme%2Fnh">χρωμένη</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29sxurota%2Ftois">ἰσχυροτάτοις</w>, <w lemma="i%29so%2Fthti">ἰσότητι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fa%7C">φιλανθρωπίᾳ</w>.
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="a%29rxhgo%5Cn">ἀρχηγὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parai%2Ftion">παραίτιον</w> <w lemma="h%28ghte%2Fon">ἡγητέον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sumfronh%2Fsantas">συμφρονήσαντας</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnhsi%2Fous">Πελοποννησίους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxousan">ὑπάρχουσαν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29daimoni%2Fan">εὐδαιμονίαν</w> <w lemma="katasth%2Fsasqai">καταστήσασθαι</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwma">ἰδίωμα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="ei%29rhme%2Fnon">εἰρημένον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxe">ὑπῆρχε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w>.
<w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frwn">ἑτέρων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29rke%2Fsei">ἀρκέσει</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstews">πίστεως</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="lhfqe%5Cn">ληφθὲν</w> <w lemma="martu%2Frion">μαρτύριον</w>.
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<head>Origin of the Name "Achaean"</head>It will be useful to ascertain, to begin with, how it<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note87">The origin of the name as embracing all the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>.</note>came to pass that the name of the Achaeans became the universal one for all the inhabitants of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>. For the original bearers of this ancestral name have no superiority over others, either in the size of their territory and cities, or in wealth, or in the prowess of their men. For they are a long way off being superior to the Arcadians and Lacedaemonians in number of inhabitants and extent of territory; nor can these latter nations be said to yield the first place in warlike courage to any Greek people whatever. Whence then comes it that these nations, with the rest of the inhabitants of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, have been content to adopt the constitution and the name of the Achaeans? To speak of chance in such a matter would not be to offer any adequate solution of the question, and would be a mere idle evasion. A cause must be sought; for without a cause nothing, expected or unexpected, can be accomplished. The cause then, in my opinion, was this. Nowhere could be found a more unalloyed and deliberately established system of equality and absolute freedom, and, in a word, of democracy, than among the Achaeans. This constitution found many of the Peloponnesians ready enough to adopt it of their own accord: many were brought to share in it by persuasion and argument: some, though acting under compulsion at first, were quickly brought to acquiesce in its benefits; for none of the original members had any special privilege reserved for them, but equal rights were given to all comers: the object aimed at was therefore quickly attained by the two most unfailing expedients of equality and fraternity. This then must be looked upon as the source and original cause of Peloponnesian unity and consequent prosperity.That this was the original principle on which the Achaeans acted in forming their constitution might be demonstrated by many proofs; but for the present purpose it will be sufficient to allege one or two in confirmation of my assertion.
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Walbank Commentary