<w lemma="%2A%28%3Dwn">Ὧν</w> <w lemma="diasafhqe%2Fntwn">διασαφηθέντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcodon">ἔξοδον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcas">συντάξας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="poliorkou%3Dsi">πολιορκοῦσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itu%2Fkhn">Ἰτύκην</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29cw%2Frmhse">ἐξώρμησε</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="stra%2Fteuma">στράτευμα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fzwnon">εὔζωνον</w>.
<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenos">ἀφικόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pemptai%3Dos">πεμπταῖος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amega%2Fla">Μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsas">συνεγγίσας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffou">λόφου</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tria%2Fkonta">τριάκοντα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="a%29posxw%5Cn">ἀποσχὼν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>,
<w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="kataba%5Cs">καταβὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fmenos">προθέμενος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28pta%5C">ἑπτὰ</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fois">σταδίοις</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbale">παρενέβαλε</w>.
<w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fnantes">μείναντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fa">βραχέα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29krobolismw%3Dn">ἀκροβολισμῶν</w> <w lemma="katapeira%2Fsantes">καταπειράσαντες</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="teta%2Frth%7C">τετάρτῃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dgon">ἐξῆγον</w> <w lemma="a%29mfo%2Fteroi">ἀμφότεροι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fballon">παρενέβαλλον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="a%28plw%3Ds">ἁπλῶς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqhke">ἔθηκε</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28sta%2Ftwn">ἁστάτων</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftais">ταύταις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prigki%2Fpwn">πριγκίπων</w>, <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsthse">ἐπέστησε</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="triari%2Fwn:">τριαρίων·</w>
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italikou%5Cs">Ἰταλικοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqhke">ἔθηκε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amasanna%2Fsan">Μασαννάσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="laio%2Fn">λαιόν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffaka">Σόφακα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhras">Κελτίβηρας</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsous">μέσους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftacan">ἔταξαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%2Fous">ἀντίους</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="spei%2Frais">σπείραις</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="eu%29wnu%2Fmou">εὐωνύμου</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deciw%3Dn">δεξιῶν</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdes">Νομάδες</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fklinan">ἐνέκλιναν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italikou%5Cs">Ἰταλικοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amasanna%2Fsan">Μασαννάσαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="prohtthme%2Fnoi">προηττημένοι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="yuxai%3Ds">ψυχαῖς</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhres">Κελτίβηρες</w> <w lemma="e%29ma%2Fxonto">ἐμάχοντο</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w>, <w lemma="susta%2Fntes">συστάντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>. <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgontes">φεύγοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fas">σωτηρίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29peiri%2Fan">ἀπειρίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="zwgri%2Fa%7C">ζωγρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="krathqe%2Fntes">κρατηθέντες</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29qesi%2Fan">ἀθεσίαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion:">Πόπλιον·</w>
<w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmion">πολέμιον</w> <w lemma="peponqo%2Ftes">πεπονθότες</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fa%7C">Ἰβηρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="e%29fai%2Fnonto">ἐφαίνοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraspo%2Fndws">παρασπόνδως</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkein">ἥκειν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summaxh%2Fsontes">συμμαχήσοντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kli%3Dnai">κλῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="kuklwqe%2Fntes">κυκλωθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prigki%2Fpwn">πριγκίπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="triari%2Fwn">τριαρίων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kateko%2Fphsan">κατεκόπησαν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgwn">ὀλίγων</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhres">Κελτίβηρες</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Flonto">ἀπώλοντο</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> [<w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w>] <w lemma="parasxo%2Fmenoi">παρασχόμενοι</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fugh%2Fn">φυγήν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mpo%2Fdion">ἐμπόδιον</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="podo%5Cs">ποδὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29kolou%2Fqhsan">ἠκολούθησαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgousi">φεύγουσι</w>, <w lemma="pantelw%3Ds">παντελῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgoi">ὀλίγοι</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffugon">διέφυγον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w>.
<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pista%2Fsews">ἐπιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffaka">Σόφακα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsanto">ἐποιήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxw%2Frhsin">ἀποχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diasw%7Czome%2Fnwn">διασῳζομένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w>.
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<head>Scipio Determines to Attack</head>When news of these proceedings reached the Roman camp Scipio immediately determined to attack. Leaving orders, therefore, to the army and navy, which were besieging Utica, as to what they were to do, he started with all his army in light marching order. On the fifth day he reached the Great Plains, and during the first day after his arrival encamped on a piece of rising ground about thirty stades from the enemy. Next day he descended into the plain and drew up his army<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note18"><foreign lang="greek">παρενέβαλλε,</foreign>which Schweig. translates<foreign lang="la">castra locavit:</foreign>but though the word does sometimes bear that meaning, I cannot think that it does so here. Scipio seems to have retained his camp on the hill, only two and a half miles' distant, and to have come down into the plain to offer battle each of the three days. Hence the imperfect.</note>at a distance of seven stades from the enemy, with his cavalry forming an advanced guard. After skirmishing attacks carried on by both sides during the next two days, on the fourth both armies were deliberately brought out into position and drawn up in order of battle.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note19">The battle on the Great Plains. 24th June, B. C. 203.</note>Scipio followed exactly the Roman system, stationing the maniples of hastati in the front, behind them the principes, and lastly the triarii in the rear. Of his cavalry he stationed the Italians on the right wing, the Numidians and Massanissa on the left. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> and Hasdrubal<pb n="132" />stationed the Celtiberes in the centre opposite the Roman cohorts, the Numidians on the left, and the Carthaginians on the right.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note20">The Roman wings are both victorious.</note>At the very first charge the Numidians reeled before the Italian cavalry, and the Carthaginians before those under Massanissa; for their many previous defeats had completely demoralised them. But the Celtiberes fought gallantly, for they had no hope of saving themselves by flight, being entirely unacquainted with the country; nor any expectation of being spared if they were taken prisoners on account of their perfidy to Scipio: for they were regarded as having acted in defiance of justice and of their treaty in coming to aid the Carthaginians against the Romans, though they had never suffered any act of hostility at Scipio's hands during the campaigns in Iberia.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note21">The Celtiberes, on the centre, are cut to pieces after a gallant resistance.</note>When, however, the two wings gave way these men were surrounded by the principes and triarii, and cut to pieces on the field almost to a man. Thus perished the Celtiberes, who yet did very effective service to the Carthaginians, not only during the whole battle, but during the retreat also; for, if it had not been for the hindrance caused by them, the Romans would have pressed the fugitives closely, and very few of the enemy would have escaped.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note22"><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> and Hasdrubal escape.</note>As it was, owing to the delay caused by these men, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> and his cavalry effected their retreat to his own kingdom in safety; while Hasdrubal with the survivors of his army did the same to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>.
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Walbank Commentary