Polybius, Histories

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Book 12 - Chapter 19

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<w lemma="%2Atou%2Ftois">Τούτοις</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w>. <w lemma="fhsi%5C">φησὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w>, <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttaras">τέτταρας</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pentakosi%2Fous">πεντακοσίους</w>,
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<w lemma="me%2Fllonti">μέλλοντι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akiliki%2Fan">Κιλικίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29mba%2Fllein">ἐμβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="e%29lqei%3Dn">ἐλθεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pentakisxili%2Fous">πεντακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakosi%2Fous">ὀκτακοσίους</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29f%27">ἀφ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29fe%2Floi">ἀφέλοι</w> <w lemma="trisxili%2Fous">τρισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="poiw%3Dn">ποιῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pousi%2Fan">ἀπουσίαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="gegenhme%2Fnas">γεγενημένας</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29poleifqh%2Fsontai">ἀπολειφθήσονται</w> <w lemma="tetrakismu%2Frioi">τετρακισμύριοι</w> <w lemma="disxi%2Flioi">δισχίλιοι</w>, <w lemma="pentakisxi%2Flioi">πεντακισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnwn">ὑποκειμένων</w>, <w lemma="fhsi%5C">φησὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="puqe%2Fsqai">πυθέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Adarei%2Fou">Δαρείου</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akiliki%2Fan">Κιλικίαν</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%5Cn">ἑκατὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxonta">ἀπέχοντα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="a%29p%27">ἀπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="diapeporeume%2Fnon">διαπεπορευμένον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="stena%2F:">στενά·</w>
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="u%28postrofh%3Ds">ὑποστροφῆς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stenw%3Dn">στενῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fgonta">ἄγοντα</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flagga">φάλαγγα</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="skeuofo%2Fron">σκευοφόρον</w>. <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="eu%29ruxwri%2Fas">εὐρυχωρίας</w> <w lemma="e%29kpesei%3Dn">ἐκπεσεῖν</w>,
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<w lemma="diaskeua%2Fzesqai">διασκευάζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="paraggei%2Flanta">παραγγείλαντα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29piparembalei%3Dn">ἐπιπαρεμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flagga">φάλαγγα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dsai">ποιῆσαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tria%2Fkonta">τριάκοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28kkai%2Fdeka">ἑκκαίδεκα</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w>, <w lemma="e%29ggi%2Fzonta">ἐγγίζοντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="o%29ktw%2F">ὀκτώ</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fzw">μείζω</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29logh%2Fmata">ἀλογήματα</w>. <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fou">σταδίου</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnontos">λαμβάνοντος</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="poreutikoi%3Ds">πορευτικοῖς</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmasin">διαστήμασιν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28kkai%2Fdeka">ἑκκαίδεκα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w> <w lemma="w%29%3Dsi">ὦσι</w>, <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="e%28cakosi%2Fous">ἑξακοσίους</w>, <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cc">ἓξ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fxontos">ἐπέχοντος</w>,
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<w lemma="fanero%5Cn">φανερὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fdia">στάδια</w> <w lemma="lh%2Fyetai">λήψεται</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fous">ἑξακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="diplasi%2Fous">διπλασίους</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="eu%29qew%2Frhton">εὐθεώρητον</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandros">Ἀλέξανδρος</w> <w lemma="e%28kkai%2Fdeka">ἑκκαίδεκα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w>, <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fwn">σταδίων</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fsthma">διάστημα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peritteu%2Fein">περιττεύειν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w>.
<head>Callisthenes Vague on Alexander's Movements</head>His account of the movements of Alexander are equally vague. He says that "he crossed into Asia with forty thousand infantry and four thousand five hundred cavalry; but that when he was about to enter <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cilicia&groupId=467&placeId=350">Cilicia</a> he was joined by a reinforcement of five thousand infantry and eight hundred cavalry." From these numbers, if one were to make the liberal allowance of three thousand absentees from the infantry and three hundred from the cavalry on various services, there would still remain forty-two thousand infantry and five thousand cavalry. Starting with these numbers, he goes on to say "that Alexander heard of the entrance of Darius into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cilicia&groupId=467&placeId=350">Cilicia</a> when he was a hundred stades away from him, having already marched through the pass:<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note34">The Cilician gates.</note>that he therefore retraced his steps through the pass, his phalanx on the van, his cavalry next, and his baggage on the rear. But that as soon as he had debouched upon the open country, he gave general orders to form up into a phalanx, at first thirty-two deep; then sixteen; and lastly, when they were nearing the enemy, eight deep." Now this is a worse blunder than the last. A stade, allowing for the distances which must be kept on a march, and reckoning the depth at sixteen, admits of one thousand six hundred men, each man covering six feet. It is plain, therefore, that ten stades will admit of only sixteen thousand men, and twenty twice that number. Hence, when Alexander caused his men to form sixteen deep, he would have wanted a width of ground of twenty stades; and even then, the whole of the cavalry and ten thousand infantry would have been unaccounted for.