Polybius, Histories

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Book 11 - Chapter 18

1
<w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmhn">Φιλοποίμην</w>, <w lemma="e%29pignou%5Cs">ἐπιγνοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amaxani%2Fdan">Μαχανίδαν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2F">ἀπό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="porfuri%2Fdos">πορφυρίδος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppon">ἵππον</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fsmou">κόσμου</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anaci%2Fdamon">Ἀναξίδαμον</w> <w lemma="a%29polei%2Fpei">ἀπολείπει</w>, <w lemma="parakale%2Fsas">παρακαλέσας</w> <w lemma="threi%3Dn">τηρεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fodon">δίοδον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="fei%2Fdesqai">φείδεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frwn">μισθοφόρων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="sunau%2Fcontas">συναύξοντας</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Aspa%2Frth%7C">Σπάρτῃ</w> <w lemma="turanni%2Fdas:">τυραννίδας·</w>
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<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paralabw%5Cn">παραλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="%2Apolu%2Fainon">Πολύαινον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akuparisse%2Fa">Κυπαρισσέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asimi%2Fan">Σιμίαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%3Dto">ἐχρῆτο</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="paraspistai%3Ds">παρασπισταῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffrou">τάφρου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntiparagwgh%5Cn">ἀντιπαραγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnw%7C">τυράννῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D:">αὐτοῦ·</w>
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<w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Amaxani%2Fda%7C">Μαχανίδᾳ</w> <w lemma="summi%2Fcantes">συμμίξαντες</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29arhci%2Fdamos">Ἀρηξίδαμος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frwn">μισθοφόρων</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Ds">εἷς</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amaxani%2Fdan">Μαχανίδαν</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fbaton">εὔβατον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffrou">τάφρου</w>, <w lemma="prosqe%2Fnta">προσθέντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="mu%2Fwpas">μύωπας</w>, <w lemma="bi%2Fa%7C">βίᾳ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppon">ἵππον</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fgein">ἐπάγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diapera%3Dn">διαπερᾶν</w>, <w lemma="sunagagw%5Cn">συναγαγὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmhn">Φιλοποίμην</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pata%2Fcas">πατάξας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="do%2Frati">δόρατι</w> <w lemma="kairi%2Fws">καιρίως</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosenegkw%5Cn">προσενεγκὼν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="saurwth%3Dri">σαυρωτῆρι</w> <w lemma="plhgh%5Cn">πληγὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhn">ἄλλην</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyews">διαλήψεως</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="xeirw%3Dn">χειρῶν</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmw%7C">νόμῳ</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeire">διέφθειρε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Frannon">τύραννον</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arhci%2Fdamon">Ἀρηξίδαμον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pari%2Fppwn">παρίππων</w>. <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Ftos">τρίτος</w> <w lemma="a%29pognou%5Cs">ἀπογνοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffuge">διέφυγε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fnon">φόνον</w>.
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<w lemma="peso%2Fntwn">πεσόντων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Asimi%2Fan">Σιμίαν</w>, <w lemma="skuleu%2Fsantes">σκυλεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="nekrou%5Cs">νεκροὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunafelo%2Fntes">συναφελόντες</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="kefalh%2Fn">κεφαλήν</w>, <w lemma="h%29pei%2Fgonto">ἠπείγοντο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="diw%2Fkontas">διώκοντας</w>,
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<w lemma="speu%2Fdontes">σπεύδοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pidei%3Dcai">ἐπιδεῖξαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlois">ὄχλοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Fleian">ἀπώλειαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pisteu%2Fsantas">πιστεύσαντας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="a%29nupo%2Fptws">ἀνυπόπτως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teqarrhko%2Ftws">τεθαρρηκότως</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pidiwgmo%5Cn">ἐπιδιωγμὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Ategeatw%3Dn">Τεγεατῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="suneba%2Fleto">συνεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlwn:">ὄχλων·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkista">ἥκιστα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Atege%2Fas">Τεγέας</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frioi">κύριοι</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w>, <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29xome%2Fnais">ἐχομέναις</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Ftan">Εὐρώταν</w> <w lemma="e%29stratope%2Fdeuon">ἐστρατοπέδευον</w>, <w lemma="kratou%3Dntes">κρατοῦντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrwn">ὑπαίθρων</w> <w lemma="a%29namfisbhth%2Ftws">ἀναμφισβητήτως</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnwn">χρόνων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenoi">δυνάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fas">οἰκείας</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Fsasqai">ἀπώσασθαι</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqoun">ἐπόρθουν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakwnikh%2Fn">Λακωνικήν</w>,
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29polwleko%2Ftes">ἀπολωλεκότες</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh%7C">μάχῃ</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="a%29pektako%2Ftes">ἀπεκτακότες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttous">ἐλάττους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fwn">τετρακισχιλίων</w>, <w lemma="zwgri%2Fa%7C">ζωγρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29lhfo%2Ftes">εἰληφότες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeuh%3Ds">ἀποσκευῆς</w> <w lemma="kekurieuko%2Ftes">κεκυριευκότες</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fshs">ἁπάσης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w>.
<head>Fall of Machanidas</head>Philopoemen recognised Machanidas by his purple<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note25">Death of Machanidas and capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>.</note>cloak and the trappings of his horse. He at once left Anaxidamus, with orders to guard the bridge with vigilance, and give no quarter to any of the mercenaries; because they were the men on whom the despots of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> always depended for supporting their power. Then taking Polyaenus of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> and Simias, who were attending on him at the time, he rode along the edge of the ditch opposite to that in which the tyrant and his attendants were; for Machanidas had still two men with him, Arexidamus and one of the mercenaries. As soon as Machanidas had found a spot in the dyke which could be crossed, he put spurs to his horse, and tried to force it to go on and get over. Then Philopoemen turned suddenly round upon him and dealt him a mortal wound with his spear, and a second with a stab from the spike at the butt end of it, and thus killed the tyrant in a hand-to-hand encounter. Those who were riding with him did the same to Arexidamus; but the third man seeing their fall gave up the idea of crossing the dyke and escaped. Simias immediately stripped the bodies of the two who had fallen, and with their armour carried off also the tyrant's head, and then hurried off to overtake the pursuing party; being eager to give the soldiers ocular evidence of the fall of the enemy's commander, that they might continue the pursuit of their opponents with all the more confidence and spirit right up to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>. And this in fact added so greatly to the spirit of the men that it contributed more than anything else to their carrying <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a> by assault, and pitching their camp next day on the Eurotas, undisputed masters of all the open country.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note26">Achaeans in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Laconia&groupId=662&placeId=1211">Laconia</a>.</note>For many years past they had been vainly trying to drive the enemy from their own borders, but now they were themselves devastating <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Laconia&groupId=662&placeId=1211">Laconia</a> without resistance, without having lost any great number of their own men in the battle; while they had killed not less than four thousand Lacedaemonians, taken even more prisoners, and possessed themselves of all their baggage and arms.