Polybius, Histories

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Book 10 - Chapter 49

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<w lemma="%2Agenome%2Fnhs">Γενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prosaggeli%2Fas">προσαγγελίας</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29qu%2Fdhmon">Εὐθύδημον</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atapouri%2Fan">Ταπουρίαν</w>, <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="prokaqi%2Fzesqai">προκαθίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="fula%2Fttontas">φυλάττοντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Farion">Ἄριον</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fseis">διαβάσεις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrine">ἔκρινε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29pognou%5Cs">ἀπογνοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxesqai">ἔχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnwn">προκειμένων</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxontos">ἀπέχοντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="triw%3Dn">τριῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28merw%3Dn">ἡμερῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28do%2Fn">ὁδόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmmetron">σύμμετρον</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fth%7C">τρίτῃ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="deipnh%3Dsai">δειπνῆσαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nazugh%2Fn">ἀναζυγήν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peltasta%5Cs">πελταστὰς</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w>, <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w> <w lemma="nukto%2Fs">νυκτός</w>, <w lemma="porei%2Fa%7C">πορείᾳ</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenos">χρώμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29nergw%3D%7C">ἐνεργῷ</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29punqa%2Fneto">ἐπυνθάνετο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fein">ἐφεδρεύειν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dlos">χεῖλος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktas">νύκτας</w> <w lemma="u%28poxwrei%3Dn">ὑποχωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flatton">ἔλαττον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fwn">σταδίων</w> <w lemma="die%2Fxousan">διέχουσαν</w>. <w lemma="dianu%2Fsas">διανύσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktwr">νύκτωρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kataleipome%2Fnhn">καταλειπομένην</w> <w lemma="o%28do%2Fn">ὁδόν</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fwn">πεδίων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppasi%2Fmwn">ἱππασίμων</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn">ὑπαρχόντων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Ffqase">ἔφθασε</w> <w lemma="peraiw%2Fsas">περαιώσας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianw%3Dn">Βακτριανῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="shmhna%2Fntwn">σημηνάντων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="skopw%3Dn">σκοπῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fs">γεγονός</w>, <w lemma="e%29ceboh%2Fqoun">ἐξεβοήθουν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fmisgon">συνέμισγον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fois">ὑπεναντίοις</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%2Fs">βασιλεύς</w>, <w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fcasqai">δέξασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29pifora%5Cn">ἐπιφορὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="parakale%2Fsas">παρακαλέσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29qisme%2Fnous">εἰθισμένους</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fein">κινδυνεύειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29lamou%5Cs">οὐλαμοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="parembalei%3Dn">παρεμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstous">ἑκάστους</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29qisme%2Fnas">εἰθισμένας</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis">τάξεις</w>,
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<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%29panth%2Fsas">ἀπαντήσας</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbale">συνέβαλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftois">πρώτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnois">ἐπιφερομένοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aba%2Fktrwn">Βάκτρων</w>.
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<w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="a%29gwni%2Fsasqai">ἀγωνίσασθαι</w> <w lemma="diaprepe%2Fstata">διαπρεπέστατα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w>.
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<w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w> <w lemma="diefqa%2Frhsan">διεφθάρησαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pekra%2Fthsan">ἐπεκράτησαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fths">πρώτης</w> <w lemma="i%28pparxi%2Fas">ἱππαρχίας</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws:">βασιλέως·</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="deute%2Fras">δευτέρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fths">τρίτης</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnhs">ἐπιφερομένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pie%2Fzonto">ἐπιέζοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%2Fllatton">ἀπήλλαττον</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="e%29ktetagme%2Fnwn">ἐκτεταγμένων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w>, <w lemma="%2Apanai%2Ftwlos">Παναίτωλος</w> <w lemma="e%29pagagei%3Dn">ἐπαγαγεῖν</w> <w lemma="paraggei%2Flas">παραγγείλας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fontas">κινδυνεύοντας</w> <w lemma="e%29de%2Fcato">ἐδέξατο</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianw%3Dn">Βακτριανῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnous">ἐπιφερομένους</w> <w lemma="a%29ta%2Fktws">ἀτάκτως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="protropa%2Fdhn">προτροπάδην</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkase">ἠνάγκασε</w> <w lemma="fugei%3Dn">φυγεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnoi">ἐκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apanai%2Ftwlon">Παναίτωλον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pikeime%2Fnwn">ἐπικειμένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsthsan">ἔστησαν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fmican">συνέμιξαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29qu%2Fdhmon">Εὐθύδημον</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="a%29polwleko%2Ftes">ἀπολωλεκότες</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn:">αὑτῶν·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="foneu%2Fsantes">φονεύσαντες</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="zwgri%2Fa%7C">ζωγρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntes">λαβόντες</w>, <w lemma="a%29nexw%2Froun">ἀνεχώρουν</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="hu%29li%2Fsqhsan:">ηὐλίσθησαν·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnw%7C">κινδύνῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppon">ἵππον</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="a%29poqanei%3Dn">ἀποθανεῖν</w> <w lemma="traumatisqe%2Fnta">τραυματισθέντα</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>*, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plhge%2Fnta">πληγέντα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fmatos">στόματος</w> <w lemma="a%29pobalei%3Dn">ἀποβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="tinas:">τινας·</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29do%2Fntwn">ὀδόντων</w>, <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhn">φήμην</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrei%2Fa%7C">ἀνδρείᾳ</w> <w lemma="peripoih%2Fsasqai">περιποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w>.
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<w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29qu%2Fdhmos">Εὐθύδημος</w> <w lemma="kataplagei%5Cs">καταπλαγεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29nexw%2Frhse">ἀνεχώρησε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaria%2Fspan">Ζαριάσπαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianh%3Ds">Βακτριανῆς</w>.
<head>Antiochus Engages the Bactrians</head>News being brought that Euthydemus<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note91">King of Bactria, see<ref target="b11c34" targOrder="U">11, 34</ref>.</note>with his force<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note92">Battle on the river Arius between Antiochus and the Bactrians.</note>was at Tapuria, and that a body of ten thousand horsemen were keeping guard at the passage of the river Arius, he decided to abandon the siege and attack these last. The river was three days' march away. For two days therefore he marched at a moderate speed; but on the third, after dinner, he gave orders for the rest of his army to start next day at daybreak; while he himself, with the cavalry and light-armed troops and ten thousand peltasts, started in the night and pushed on at a great rate. For he was informed that the cavalry of the enemy kept guard by day on the bank of the river, but at night retired to a city more than twenty stades off. Having completed therefore the rest of the way under cover of night, the plains being excellent for riding, he got the greater part of his army across the river by daybreak, before the enemy came back. When their scouts told them what had happened, the horsemen of the Bactrians hastened to the rescue, and fell in with their opponents while on the march. Seeing that he must stand the first charge of the enemy, the king summoned the two thousand horsemen who were accustomed to fight round his own person; and issuing orders that the rest were to form their companies and squadrons, and take up their<pb n="48" />usual order on the ground on which they already were, he advanced with the two thousand cavalry, and met the charge of the advanced guard of the Bactrians. In this engagement Antiochus is reputed to have shown the greatest gallantry of any of his men. There was heavy loss on both sides: the king's men conquered the first squadron, but when a second and a third charged, they began to be hard pressed and to suffer seriously. At that juncture, most of the cavalry being by this time on the ground, Panaetolus ordered a general advance; relieved the king and his squadrons; and, upon the Bactrians charging in loose order, forced them to turn and fly in confusion. They never drew rein before the charge of Panaetolus, until they rejoined Euthydemus, with a loss of more than half their number. The king's cavalry on the contrary retired, after killing large numbers and taking a great many prisoners, and bivouacked by the side of the river. In this action the king had a horse killed under him, and lost some of his teeth by a blow on the mouth; and his whole bearing obtained him a reputation for bravery of the highest description. After this battle Euthydemus retreated in dismay with his army to the city of Zariaspa in Bactria. . . .<pb />