<head lang="la">VIII. Res Asiae</head><w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apasia%2Fkai">Ἀπασιάκαι</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dsi">κατοικοῦσι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fson">μέσον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Focou">Ὄξου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atana%2Fidos">Τανάιδος</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28urkani%2Fan">Ὑρκανίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29mba%2Fllei">ἐμβάλλει</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ata%2Fnai+s">Τάναϊς</w> <w lemma="e%29ci%2Fhsin">ἐξίησιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amaiw%3Dtin">Μαιῶτιν</w> <w lemma="li%2Fmnhn:">λίμνην·</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteroi">ἑκάτεροι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="plwtoi%2F">πλωτοί</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="qaumasto%5Cn">θαυμαστὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdes">Νομάδες</w> <w lemma="peraiou%2Fmenoi">περαιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Focon">Ὄξον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28urkani%2Fan">Ὑρκανίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frxontai">ἔρχονται</w> <w lemma="pezh%3D%7C">πεζῇ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgoi">λόγοι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmatos">πράγματος</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pieikh%2Fs">ἐπιεικής</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteros">ἕτερος</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocos">παράδοξος</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29du%2Fnatos">ἀδύνατος</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Focos">Ὄξος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akauka%2Fsou">Καυκάσου</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="phga%2Fs">πηγάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29chqei%5Cs">αὐξηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianh%3D%7C">Βακτριανῇ</w>, <w lemma="surreo%2Fntwn">συρρεόντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28da%2Ftwn">ὑδάτων</w>, <w lemma="fe%2Fretai">φέρεται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pedia%2Fdos">πεδιάδος</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="pollw%3D%7C">πολλῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qolerw%3D%7C">θολερῷ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%2Fmati">ῥεύματι</w>.
<w lemma="parageno%2Fmenos">παραγενόμενος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frhmon">ἔρημον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="pe%2Ftras">πέτρας</w> <w lemma="a%29porrw%3Dgas">ἀπορρῶγας</w> <w lemma="e%29cwqei%3D">ἐξωθεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%3Dma">ῥεῦμα</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fa%7C">βίᾳ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="katafora%5Cn">καταφορὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28perkeime%2Fnwn">ὑπερκειμένων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Ftras">πέτρας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ka%2Ftw">κάτω</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresi">μέρεσι</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fdion">στάδιον</w> <w lemma="a%29fa%2Fllesqai">ἀφάλλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="katafora%5Cn">καταφορὰν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>.
<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w> <w lemma="fasi%5C">φασὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apasia%2Fkas">Ἀπασιάκας</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Ftran">πέτραν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="katafora%5Cn">καταφορὰν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="pezeu%2Fein">πεζεύειν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28urkani%2Fan">Ὑρκανίαν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteros">ἕτερος</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgos">λόγος</w> <w lemma="e%29pieikeste%2Fran">ἐπιεικεστέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fsqen">πρόσθεν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Ffasin">ἀπόφασιν</w>. <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnou">ὑποκειμένου</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flous">μεγάλους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontos">ἔχοντος</w> <w lemma="platamw%3Dnas">πλαταμῶνας</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="katarra%2Fttei">καταρράττει</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="fasi%5C">φασὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fa%7C">βίᾳ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%2Fmatos">ῥεύματος</w> <w lemma="e%29kkoilai%2Fnonta">ἐκκοιλαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diarrhgnu%2Fnta">διαρρηγνύντα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w> <w lemma="fe%2Fresqai">φέρεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%2Fn">πολύν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%3Dt%27">εἶτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nafai%2Fnesqai">ἀναφαίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w>.
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frous">βαρβάρους</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29mpeiri%2Fan">ἐμπειρίαν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="dialei%2Fponta">διαλείποντα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fodon">δίοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28urkani%2Fan">Ὑρκανίαν</w>. —
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<head>Antiochus Crosses the Arius</head>The Apasiacae live between the rivers Oxus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tanais&groupId=1001&placeId=503">Tanais</a>,<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note89">The entrance of the Nomad Scythians into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hyrcania&groupId=640&placeId=1172">Hyrcania</a>.</note>the former of which falls into the Hyrcanian Sea, the latter into the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Palus&groupId=830&placeId=1500">Palus</a> Maeotis.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note90">Polybius confuses the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tanais&groupId=1001&placeId=503">Tanais</a> (<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Don&groupId=127&placeId=365">Don</a>) with another <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tanais&groupId=1001&placeId=503">Tanais</a> or Iaxartes flowing into the south-east part of the Caspian.</note>Both are large enough to be navigable; and it seems surprising how the Nomads managed to come by land into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hyrcania&groupId=640&placeId=1172">Hyrcania</a> along with their horses. Two accounts are given of this affair, one of them probable, the other very surprising yet not impossible. The Oxus rises in the Caucasus, and being much augmented by tributaries in Bactria, it rushes through the level plain with a violent and turbid stream. When it reaches the desert it dashes its<pb n="47" />stream against some precipitous rocks with a force raised to such tremendous proportions by the mass of its waters, and the declivity down which it has descended, that it leaps from the rocks to the plain below leaving an interval of more than a stade between the rock and its falls. It is through this space that they say the Apasiacae went on foot with their horses into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hyrcania&groupId=640&placeId=1172">Hyrcania</a>, under the fall, and keeping close to the rock. The other account is more probable on the face of it. It is said that, as the basin of the river has extensive flats into which it descends with violence, the force of the stream makes hollows in them, and opens chasms into which the water descends deep below the surface, and so is carried on for a short way, and then reappears: and that the barbarians, being well acquainted with the facts, make their way on horseback, over the space thus left dry, into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hyrcania&groupId=640&placeId=1172">Hyrcania</a>. . . .
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Walbank Commentary