Polybius, Histories

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Book 1 - Chapter 66

1
<w lemma="%2A%28ws">Ὡς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="qa%3Dtton">θᾶττον</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelesqeisw%3Dn">ἐπιτελεσθεισῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fsewn">διαλύσεων</w> <w lemma="a%29pokate%2Fsthse">ἀποκατέστησε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Feruka">Ἔρυκα</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Alilu%2Fbaion">Λιλύβαιον</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Aba%2Frkas">Βάρκας</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fqeto">ἀπέθετο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Age%2Fskwn">Γέσκων</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="peraiou%3Dn">περαιοῦν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w>.
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<w lemma="proi+do%2Fmenos">προϊδόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29mfro%2Fnws">ἐμφρόνως</w> <w lemma="e%29nebi%2Fbaze">ἐνεβίβαζε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="diairw%3Dn">διαιρῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dialei%2Fmmata">διαλείμματα</w> <w lemma="poiw%3Dn">ποιῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29capostolh%3Ds">ἐξαποστολῆς</w>,
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<w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29nastrofh%5Cn">ἀναστροφὴν</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnai">διδόναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="katapleu%2Fsantas">καταπλεύσαντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="misqodothqe%2Fntas">μισθοδοτηθέντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="prosofeilo%2Fmena">προσοφειλόμενα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ywni%2Fwn">ὀψωνίων</w> <w lemma="fqa%2Fnein">φθάνειν</w> <w lemma="a%29pallattome%2Fnous">ἀπαλλαττομένους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnos">Καρχηδόνος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w> <w lemma="pri%5Cn">πρὶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="peraioume%2Fnous">περαιουμένους</w> <w lemma="e%29pikatalabei%3Dn">ἐπικαταλαβεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Age%2Fskwn">Γέσκων</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fmenos">ἐχόμενος</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nnoi%2Fas">ἐννοίας</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29xei%2Frize">ἐχείριζε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29capostolh%2Fn">ἐξαποστολήν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="eu%29porou%2Fmenoi">εὐπορούμενοι</w> <w lemma="xrhma%2Ftwn">χρημάτων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="progegenhme%2Fnas">προγεγενημένας</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnas">δαπάνας</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnoi">πεπεισμένοι</w> <w lemma="paraith%2Fsesqai">παραιτήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prosofeilome%2Fnwn">προσοφειλομένων</w> <w lemma="o%29ywni%2Fwn">ὀψωνίων</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fswsi">συναθροίσωσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fcwntai">δέξωνται</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w>, <w lemma="parakatei%3Dxon">παρακατεῖχον</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kataple%2Fontas">καταπλέοντας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunei%3Dxon">συνεῖχον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w>.
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<w lemma="ginome%2Fnwn">γινομένων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="a%29dikhma%2Ftwn">ἀδικημάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktwr">νύκτωρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="u%28pido%2Fmenoi">ὑπιδόμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlon">ὄχλον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnousan">συμβαίνουσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29krasi%2Fan">ἀκρασίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Fwsan">ἠξίωσαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%28toimasqh%3D%7C">ἑτοιμασθῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sitarxi%2Fas">σιταρχίας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>, <w lemma="prosde%2Fcwntai">προσδέξωνται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29poleipome%2Fnous">ἀπολειπομένους</w>, <w lemma="a%29naxwrh%3Dsai">ἀναχωρῆσαι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fs">εἴς</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhn">προσαγορευομένην</w> <w lemma="%2Asi%2Fkkan">Σίκκαν</w>, <w lemma="labo%2Fntas">λαβόντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="katepei%2Fgonta">κατεπείγοντα</w> <w lemma="xrusou%3Dn">χρυσοῦν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w>.
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<w lemma="proqu%2Fmws">προθύμως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunupakousa%2Fntwn">συνυπακουσάντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcodon">ἔξοδον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnwn">βουλομένων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="katalipei%3Dn">καταλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeua%2Fs">ἀποσκευάς</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxon">ὑπῆρχον</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="qa%3Dtton">θᾶττον</w> <w lemma="e%29some%2Fnhs">ἐσομένης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pano%2Fdou">ἐπανόδου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29ywniasmou%2Fs">ὀψωνιασμούς</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29gwniw%3Dntes">ἀγωνιῶντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="mh%2F">μή</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftes">παραγεγονότες</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="te%2Fknwn">τέκνων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28mei%2Frontes">ἱμείροντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29kporeuqw%3Dsi">ἐκπορευθῶσι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kporeuqe%2Fntes">ἐκπορευθέντες</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="a%29naka%2Fmptwsi">ἀνακάμπτωσι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftw%7C">τοιούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dtton">ἧττον</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkhma">ἀδίκημα</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnhtai">γίνηται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>,
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="proorw%2Fmenoi">προορώμενοι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29pexqei%2Fas">ἀπεχθείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnous">βουλομένους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpous">ἀνθρώπους</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkasan">ἠνάγκασαν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeua%5Cs">ἀποσκευὰς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pagagei%3Dn">ἀπαγαγεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Froi">μισθοφόροι</w> <w lemma="sunanaxqe%2Fntes">συναναχθέντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asi%2Fkkan">Σίκκαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pollou%3D">πολλοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="teteuxo%2Ftes">τετευχότες</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fsews">ἀνέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sxolh%3Ds">σχολῆς</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29fue%2Fstaton">ἀφυέστατον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxei">ὑπάρχει</w> <w lemma="cenikai%3Ds">ξενικαῖς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesi">δυνάμεσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxhgo%5Cn">ἀρχηγὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fsews">στάσεως</w>, <w lemma="dih%3Dgon">διῆγον</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqumou%3Dntes">ῥᾳθυμοῦντες</w>, <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29celogi%2Fzonto">ἐξελογίζοντο</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="prosofeilo%2Fmena">προσοφειλόμενα</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ywni%2Fwn">ὀψωνίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugkefalaiou%2Fmenoi">συγκεφαλαιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="pollapla%2Fsia">πολλαπλάσια</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntwn">καθηκόντων</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29paitei%3Dn">ἀπαιτεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous:">Καρχηδονίους·</w>
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<w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29namimnhsko%2Fmenoi">ἀναμιμνησκόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29paggeliw%3Dn">ἐπαγγελιῶν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pisfalei%3Ds">ἐπισφαλεῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="parakalou%3Dntes">παρακαλοῦντες</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pepoi%2Fhnto">ἐπεποίηντο</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flas">μεγάλας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="prosdoki%2Fan">προσδοκίαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29so">ἐσο</w>
<head>Mischief Brewing Among the Mercenaries</head>The course of events at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> subsequent to the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note165">Evacuation of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>.</note>peace was as follows: As soon as possible after it was finally ratified Barcas withdrew the troops at Eryx to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lilybaeum&groupId=690&placeId=1261">Lilybaeum</a>, and then immediately laid down his command. Gesco, who was commandant of the town, proceeded to transport the soldiers into<pb n="74" />Libya. But foreseeing what was likely to happen, he very prudently embarked them in detachments, and did not send them all in one voyage. His object was to gain time for the Carthaginian government; so that one detachment should come to shore, receive the pay due to them, and depart from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> to their own country, before the next detachment was brought across and joined them. In accordance with this idea Gesco began the transportation of the troops. But the Government—partly because the recent expenses had reduced their finances to a low ebb, partly because they felt certain that, if they collected the whole force and entertained them in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, they would be able to persuade the mercenaries to accept something less than the whole pay due to them—did not dismiss the detachments as they landed, but kept them massed in the city.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note166">The mercenaries sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicca&groupId=971&placeId=1721">Sicca</a>,</note>But when this resulted in the commission of many acts of lawlessness by night and day, they began to feel uneasy at their numbers and their growing licentiousness; and required the officers, until such time as arrangements for discharging their pay should have been made, and the rest of the army should have arrived, to withdraw with all their men to a certain town called <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicca&groupId=971&placeId=1721">Sicca</a>, receiving each a piece of gold for their immediate necessities. As far as quitting the city was concerned they were ready enough to obey; but they desired to leave their heavy baggage there as before, on the ground that they would soon have to return to the city for their wages. But the Carthaginian government were in terror lest, considering the length of their absence and their natural desire for the society of wives or children, they would either not quit the city at all; or, if they did, would be sure to be enticed by these feelings to return, and that thus there would be no decrease of outrages in the city. Accordingly they forced them to take their baggage with them: but it was sorely against the will of the men, and roused strong feelings of animosity among them. These mercenaries being forced to retire to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicca&groupId=971&placeId=1721">Sicca</a>, lived there as they chose without any restraint upon their lawlessness. For they had obtained two things the most demoralising for hired forces, and which in a word are in themselves the allsufficient source and origin of mutinies,—relaxation of discipline<pb n="75" />and want of employment.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note167"><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicca&groupId=971&placeId=1721">Sicca</a> Venerea, so called from a temple of Venus, was notorious for its licentiousness.<bibl n="V. Max. 2.6.15" default="NO" valid="yes">Valer. Max. 2, 6, 15</bibl>.</note>For lack of something better to do, some of them began calculating, always to their own advantage, the amount of pay owing to them; and thus making out the total to be many times more than was really due, they gave out that this was the amount which they ought to demand from the Carthaginians. Moreover they all began to call to mind the promises made to them by the generals in their harangues, delivered on various occasions of special danger, and to entertain high hopes and great expectations of the amount of compensation which awaited them. The natural result followed.