<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsas">Συρακούσας</w>. <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fra%7C">ἡμέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="gnou%5Cs">γνοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappios">Ἄππιος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Flusin">ἀπόλυσιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="eu%29qarsh%5Cs">εὐθαρσὴς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrine">ἔκρινε</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllein">μέλλειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeirei%3Dn">ἐγχειρεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w>.
<w lemma="paraggei%2Flas">παραγγείλας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftais">στρατιώταις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fra%7C">ὥρᾳ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="qerapei%2Fan">θεραπείαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcodon">ἔξοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w>.
<w lemma="sumbalw%5Cn">συμβαλὼν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fois">ὑπεναντίοις</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fkteine">ἀπέκτεινε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipou%5Cs">λοιποὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkase">ἠνάγκασε</w> <w lemma="fugei%3Dn">φυγεῖν</w> <w lemma="protropa%2Fdhn">προτροπάδην</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="parakeime%2Fnas">παρακειμένας</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>.
<w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenos">χρησάμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29tuxh%2Fmasi">εὐτυχήμασι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lu%2Fsas">λύσας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>, <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenos">ἐπιπορευόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqei">ἐπόρθει</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fwn">Συρακοσίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summaxou%2Fntwn">συμμαχούντων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipoioume%2Fnou">ἀντιποιουμένου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrwn:">ὑπαίθρων·</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="proskaqi%2Fsas">προσκαθίσας</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Fleto">ἐπεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsas">Συρακούσας</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28h">Ἡ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fth">πρώτη</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasis">διάβασις</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fde">ἥδε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>,
<w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="oi%29keiota%2Fthn">οἰκειοτάτην</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnantes">κρίναντες</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w>, <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="e%29poihsa%2Fmeqa">ἐποιησάμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29nadramo%2Fntes">ἀναδραμόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnois">χρόνοις</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Frhma">ἀπόρημα</w> <w lemma="katalipei%3Dn">καταλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w> <w lemma="a%29podei%2Fcewn">ἀποδείξεων</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fte">πότε</w> <w lemma="ptai%2Fsantes">πταίσαντες</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdi">πατρίδι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="be%2Fltion">βέλτιον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="prokoph%3Ds">προκοπῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fte">πότε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fsantes">κρατήσαντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pixeirei%3Dn">ἐπιχειρεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w> <w lemma="u%28pela%2Fbomen">ὑπελάβομεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="parakolouqh%3Dsai">παρακολουθῆσαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllousi">μέλλουσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kefa%2Flaion">κεφάλαιον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="u%28peroxh%3Ds">ὑπεροχῆς</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="suno%2Fyesqai">συνόψεσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fzein">θαυμάζειν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%2Fn">ἐάν</w> <w lemma="pou">που</w> <w lemma="prosanatre%2Fxwmen">προσανατρέχωμεν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnois">χρόνοις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftwn">ἐπιφανεστάτων</w> <w lemma="politeuma%2Ftwn">πολιτευμάτων</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsomen">ποιήσομεν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="katanoei%3Dn">κατανοεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fnwn">τίνων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkastoi">ἕκαστοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fte">πότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmhqe%2Fntes">ὁρμηθέντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="parege%2Fnonto">παρεγένοντο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fseis">διαθέσεις</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxousi">ὑπάρχουσι</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w>. <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="pepoih%2Fkamen">πεποιήκαμεν</w>.
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<head>Appius Drives Off the Carthaginians</head>Next morning, when Appius was assured of their<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note36">Encouraged by this success, he attacks and drives off the Carthaginians.</note>flight, his confidence was strengthened, and he made up his mind to attack the Carthaginians without delay. Accordingly, he issued orders to the soldiers to despatch their preparations early, and at daybreak commenced his sally. Having succeeded in engaging the enemy, he killed a large number of them, and forced the rest to fly precipitately to the neighbouring towns. These successes sufficed to raise the siege of Messene: and thenceforth he scoured the territory of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> and her allies with impunity, and laid it waste without finding any one to dispute the possession of the open country with him; and finally he sat down before <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> itself and laid siege to it.Such was the nature and motive of the first warlike expedition of the Romans beyond the shores of<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note37">Such preliminary sketches are necessary for clearness, and my readers must not be surprised if I follow the same system in the case of other towns.</note><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>; and this was the period at which it took place. I thought this expedition the most suitable starting-point for my whole narrative, and accordingly adopted it as a basis; though I have made a rapid survey of some anterior events, that in setting forth its causes no point should be left obscure. I thought it necessary, if we were to get an adequate and comprehensive view of<pb n="13" />their present supreme position, to trace clearly how and when the Romans, after the disaster which they sustained in the loss of their own city, began their upward career; and how and when, once more, after possessing themselves of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, they conceived the idea of attempting conquests external to it. This must account in future parts of my work for my taking, when treating of the most important states, a preliminary survey of their previous history. In doing so my object will be to secure such a vantage-ground as will enable us to see with clearness from what origin, at what period, and in what circumstances they severally started and arrived at their present position. This is exactly what I have just done with regard to the Romans.
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Walbank Commentary