Polybius, Histories

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Book 8 - Chapter 7

1
<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fous">παραπλησίους</w> <w lemma="e%29mpeso%2Fntes">ἐμπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="dusxerei%2Fas">δυσχερείας</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsthsan">ἀπέστησαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29posth%2Fmati">ἀποστήματι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="petrobo%2Flois">πετροβόλοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katape%2Fltais">καταπέλταις</w> <w lemma="tupto%2Fmenoi">τυπτόμενοι</w> <w lemma="diefqei%2Fronto">διεφθείροντο</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fsion">θαυμάσιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="belw%3Dn">βελῶν</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%5Cn">κατασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Frgeian">ἐνέργειαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwnos">Ἱέρωνος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xorhgou%3D">χορηγοῦ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftos">γεγονότος</w>, <w lemma="a%29rxite%2Fktonos">ἀρχιτέκτονος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dhmiourgou%3D">δημιουργοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pinohma%2Ftwn">ἐπινοημάτων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arximh%2Fdous">Ἀρχιμήδους</w>.
3
<w lemma="suneggi%2Fzonte%2Fs">συνεγγίζοντές</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxous">τείχους</w> <w lemma="toco%2Ftisin">τοξότισιν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fnw">ἐπάνω</w> <w lemma="proei%3Dpon">προεῖπον</w>, <w lemma="kakou%2Fmenoi">κακούμενοι</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Frgonto">εἴργοντο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proso%2Fdou:">προσόδου·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Frrwn">γέρρων</w> <w lemma="biazo%2Fmenoi">βιαζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="korufh%5Cn">κορυφὴν</w> <w lemma="li%2Fqwn">λίθων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dokw%3Dn">δοκῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29mbolai%3Ds">ἐμβολαῖς</w> <w lemma="diefqei%2Fronto">διεφθείροντο</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fga">ὀλίγα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="xersi%5C">χερσὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="mhxanw%3Dn">μηχανῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kakopoi%2Foun">ἐκακοποίουν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dpa:">εἶπα·</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="e%29cairou%3Dntes">ἐξαιροῦντες</w> <w lemma="e%29rri%2Fptoun">ἐρρίπτουν</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fras">πέρας</w>, <w lemma="a%29naxwrh%2Fsantes">ἀναχωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%5Cn">παρεμβολὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunedreu%2Fsantes">συνεδρεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w>, <w lemma="o%28moqumado%5Cn">ὁμοθυμαδὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29bouleu%2Fsanto">ἐβουλεύσαντο</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dran">πεῖραν</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fas">πολιορκίας</w> <w lemma="e%28lei%3Dn">ἑλεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsas">Συρακούσας</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhsan:">ἐποίησαν·</w>
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<w lemma="o%29ktw%5C">ὀκτὼ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dnas">μῆνας</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="proskaqezo%2Fmenoi">προσκαθεζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="strathghma%2Ftwn">στρατηγημάτων</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tolmhma%2Ftwn">τολμημάτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsthsan">ἀπέστησαν</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dran">πεῖραν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frrhsan">ἐθάρρησαν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Ds">εἷς</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fa">μία</w> <w lemma="yuxh%5C">ψυχὴ</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="h%28rmosme%2Fnh">ἡρμοσμένη</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnia">ἔνια</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="me%2Fga">μέγα</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dma">χρῆμα</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnetai">φαίνεται</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fsion">θαυμάσιον</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnoi">ἐκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="gou%3Dn">γοῦν</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Ftas">τηλικαύτας</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29fe%2Floi">ἀφέλοι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="presbu%2Fthn">πρεσβύτην</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fwn">Συρακοσίων</w>, <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="kurieu%2Fsein">κυριεύσειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Flpizon">ἤλπιζον</w>,
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sumparo%2Fntos">συμπαρόντος</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frroun">ἐθάρρουν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pibale%2Fsqai">ἐπιβαλέσθαι</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="a%29mu%2Fnasqai">ἀμύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cs">δυνατὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arximh%2Fdhs">Ἀρχιμήδης</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fsantes">νομίσαντες</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flist%27">μάλιστ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29ndei%2Fas">ἐνδείας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fndon">ἔνδον</w> <w lemma="u%28poxeiri%2Fous">ὑποχειρίους</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>, <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="a%29ntei%2Fxonto">ἀντείχοντο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos:">ἐλπίδος·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="nausi%5C">ναυσὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fas">ἐπικουρίας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kw%2Fluon">ἐκώλυον</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezw%3D%7C">πεζῷ</w> <w lemma="strateu%2Fmati">στρατεύματι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w>. <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenoi">βουλόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fprakton">ἄπρακτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="prosedreu%2Fousi">προσεδρεύουσι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsais">Συρακούσαις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="xrhsi%2Fmwn">χρησίμων</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%2Fzesqai">κατασκευάζεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="diei%3Dlon">διεῖλον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>,
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<w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="proskaqh%3Dsqai">προσκαθῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fton">τρίτον</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabo%2Fnta">ἀναλαβόντα</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkon">Μάρκον</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeu%2Fesqai">ἐπιπορεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="ai%28roume%2Fnous">αἱρουμένους</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w>. [<foreign lang="la">3, 1 — 6, 4</foreign><w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <foreign lang="la">et 7, 6</foreign><w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> — <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frrhsan">ἐθάρρησαν</w> <foreign lang="la">cod. Wescheri Poliorcétique des Grecs. Paris. 1867 p. 321 et eiusdem fragments inédits de Polybe, Paris 1869 p. 9; 3, 2</foreign><w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Askutikh%5Cn">Σκυτικὴν</w> — <foreign lang="la">7, 9</foreign><w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frroun">ἐθάρρουν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pibale%2Fsqai">ἐπιβαλέσθαι</w> <foreign lang="la">Hero de repell. obsid. p. 326 Thevenot; 4, 1 — 7, 12</foreign><w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w> <foreign lang="la">cod. Urb. fol. 104 exc. ant. p. 197.</foreign>]
And Appius, too, found himself in similar difficulties and abandoned his attempt.
For his men while at a distance were mowed down by the shots from the mangonels and catapults, the supply of artillery and ammunition being admirable both as regards quantity and force, as indeed was to be expected where Hiero had furnished the means and Archimedes had designed and constructed the various contrivances.
And when they did get near the wall they were so severely punished by the continuous volleys of arrows from the loopholes of which I spoke above that their advance was checked or, if they attacked under the cover of mantelets, they were destroyed by the stones and beams dropt upon their heads.
The besieged also inflicted no little damage by the above-mentioned hands hanging from cranes, for they lifted up men, armour, and all, and then let them drop.
At last Appius retired to his camp and called a council of his military tribunes, at which it was unanimously ded to resort to any means rather than attempt to take <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> by storm.
And to this resolution they adhered; for during their eight months' investment of the city, while leaving no stratagem or daring design untried, they never once ventured again upon an assault.
Such a great and marvellous thing does the genius of one man show itself to be when properly applied to certain matters.
The Romans at least, strong as they were both by sea and land, had every hope of capturing the town at once if one old man of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> were removed;
but as long as he was present, they did not venture even to attempt to attack in that fashion in which the ability of Archimedes could be used in the defense.
On the contrary, thinking that owing to the large population of the town the best way to reduce it was by famine, they placed their hope in this, cutting off supplies from the sea by their fleet and those from the land by their army.
Wishing not to spend in idleness the time during which they besieged <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>, but to attain some useful results outside, the commanders divided themselves and their forces,
so that Appius with two-thirds of their army invested the town while Marcus took the other third and made raids on the parts of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> which favoured the Carthaginians.