Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 8 - Chapter 34

1
<w lemma="%2A%29%2Fhdh">Ἤδη</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29ntelei%3Ds">ἐντελεῖς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="sunestame%2Fnou">συνεσταμένου</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fs">παρασκευάς</w>, <w lemma="parapesou%2Fshs">παραπεσούσης</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Ametaponti%2Fou">Μεταποντίου</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas">βοηθείας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkran">ἄκραν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>, <w lemma="braxu%2F">βραχύ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="yuxai%3Ds">ψυχαῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29naqarrh%2Fsantes">ἀναθαρρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fqento">ἐπέθεντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgois">ἔργοις</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiran">διέφθειραν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhxanhma%2Ftwn">μηχανημάτων</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%2Fs">κατασκευάς</w>.
2
<w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkran">ἄκραν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fgnw">ἀπέγνω</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxous">τείχους</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%3Ds">κατασκευῆς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="teteleiwme%2Fnhs">τετελειωμένης</w>, <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fsas">ἁθροίσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%2Fnous">Ταραντίνους</w> <w lemma="a%29pedei%2Fknue">ἀπεδείκνυε</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kuriw%2Ftato%2Fn">κυριώτατόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29nestw%3Dtas">ἐνεστῶτας</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="a%29ntilamba%2Fnesqai">ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι</w>.
3
<w lemma="kratou%2Fshs">κρατούσης</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkras">ἄκρας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fsploun">εἴσπλουν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fnw">ἐπάνω</w> <w lemma="proei%3Dpon">προεῖπον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%3Dnoi">Ταραντῖνοι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="h%29du%2Fnanto">ἠδύναντο</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="nausi%5Cn">ναυσὶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kplei%3Dn">ἐκπλεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lime%2Fnos">λιμένος</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="parekomi%2Fzeto">παρεκομίζετο</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan:">χρείαν·</w>
4
<w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnontos">συμβαίνοντος</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqerwqh%3Dnai">ἐλευθερωθῆναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.
5
<w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="sunorw%3Dn">συνορῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%29di%2Fdaske">ἐδίδασκε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%2Fnous">Ταραντίνους</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29pokleisqw%3Dsi">ἀποκλεισθῶσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkran">ἄκραν</w> <w lemma="throu%3Dntes">τηροῦντες</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fcantes">εἴξαντες</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fyousi">λείψουσι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paradw%2Fsousi">παραδώσουσι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w>.
6
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontes">ἀκούοντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%3Dnoi">Ταραντῖνοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnois">λεγομένοις</w> <w lemma="sugkateti%2Fqento:">συγκατετίθεντο·</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fpws">ὅπως</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnoito">γένοιτο</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fn">παρόν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29du%2Fnanto">ἐδύναντο</w> <w lemma="sunnoh%3Dsai">συννοῆσαι</w>, <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanei%2Fh">ἐπιφανείη</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flos:">στόλος·</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29du%2Fnaton">ἀδύνατον</w>.
7
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29duna%2Ftoun">ἠδυνάτουν</w> <w lemma="sumbalei%3Dn">συμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="fero%2Fmenos">φερόμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dtai">ποιεῖται</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>.
8
<w lemma="fh%2Fsantos">φήσαντος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="fanero%5Cn">φανερὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="krath%3Dsai">κρατῆσαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w>, <w lemma="ma%3Dlloi">μᾶλλοι</w> <w lemma="e%29kplagei%3Ds">ἐκπλαγεῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenoi">δυνάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fnoian">ἐπίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="sumbalei%3Dn">συμβαλεῖν</w>.
9
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunewrakw%5Cs">συνεωρακὼς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="platei%3Dan">πλατεῖαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29diako%2Fsmhton">εὐδιακόσμητον</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dsan">οὖσαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxousan">ὑπάρχουσαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="diateixi%2Fsmatos">διατειχίσματος</w>, <w lemma="fe%2Frousan">φέρουσαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="diatei%2Fxism%27">διατείχισμ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lime%2Fnos">λιμένος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>, <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="dienoei%3Dto">διενοεῖτο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lime%2Fnos">λιμένος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="no%2Ftion">νότιον</w> <w lemma="u%28perbiba%2Fzein">ὑπερβιβάζειν</w> <w lemma="pleura%2Fn">πλευράν</w>.
10
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fnoian">ἐπίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pidei%3Dcai">ἐπιδεῖξαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%2Fnois">Ταραντίνοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="sugkate%2Fqento">συγκατέθεντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnois">λεγομένοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diafero%2Fntws">διαφερόντως</w> <w lemma="e%29qau%2Fmasan">ἐθαύμασαν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="die%2Flabon">διέλαβον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="perige%2Fnoito">περιγένοιτο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29gxinoi%2Fas">ἀγχινοίας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmhs">τόλμης</w>.
11
<w lemma="taxu%5C">ταχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fwn">πορείων</w> <w lemma="u%28potro%2Fxwn">ὑποτρόχων</w> <w lemma="kataskeuasqe%2Fntwn">κατασκευασθέντων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgw%7C">λόγῳ</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Frgon">τοὔργον</w> <w lemma="ei%29lh%2Ffei">εἰλήφει</w> <w lemma="sunte%2Fleian">συντέλειαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="proqumi%2Fas">προθυμίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poluxeiri%2Fas">πολυχειρίας</w> <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsei">προθέσει</w> <w lemma="sunergou%2Fshs">συνεργούσης</w>.
12
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%3Dnoi">Ταραντῖνοι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="u%28pernewlkh%2Fsantes">ὑπερνεωλκήσαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="nh%3Das">νῆας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>, <w lemma="e%29polio%2Frkoun">ἐπολιόρκουν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkras">ἄκρας</w>, <w lemma="a%29fh%7Crhme%2Fnoi">ἀφῃρημένοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcwqen">ἔξωθεν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fas">ἐπικουρίας</w>.
13
<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fulakh%5Cn">φυλακὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29polipw%5Cn">ἀπολιπὼν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fzeuce">ἀνέζευξε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parege%2Fneto">παρεγένετο</w> <w lemma="tritai%3Dos">τριταῖος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="e%29ntau%3Dqa">ἐνταῦθα</w> <w lemma="diatri%2Fbwn">διατρίβων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmene">ἔμενε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>. [<foreign lang="la">Cod. Urb. fol. 114 extr. exc. ant. p. 202.</foreign>]
When he had completed his preparations for the siege, some succour having reached the citadel by sea from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Metapontum&groupId=763&placeId=1383">Metapontum</a>, the Romans recovered their courage in a measure and attacking the works at night destroyed all the machines and other constructions.
Upon this Hannibal abandoned the project of taking the citadel by storm, but as his wall was now complete he called a meeting of the Tarentines and pointed out to them that the most essential thing under present circumstances was to get command of the sea.
For since, as I have already stated, the Tarentines were entirely unable to use their ships or sail out of the harbour, whereas the Romans got all they required conveyed to them safely by sea;
and under these conditions it was impossible that the city should ever be in secure possession of its liberty.
Hannibal perceived this, and explained to the Tarentines, that if the garrison of the citadel were cut off from the hope of succour by sea they would in a very short time give in of their own accord and abandoning the fortress would surrender the whole place.
The Tarentines gave ear to him and were quite convinced by what he said, but they could think of no plan for attaining this at present, unless a fleet appeared from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, which at the time was impossible.
They were, therefore, unable to conceive what Hannibal was leading up to in speaking to them on this subject,
and when he went on to say that it was obvious that they themselves without the aid of the Carthaginians were very nearly in command of the sea at this moment, they were still more astonished, being quite unable to fathom his meaning.
He had noticed that the street just within the cross wall, and leading parallel to this wall from the harbour to the outer sea, could easily be adapted to his purpose, and he designed to convey the ships across by this street from the harbour to the southern side.
So the moment he revealed his plan to the Tarentines they not only entirely agreed with what he said, but conceived an extraordinary admiration for him, being convinced that nothing could get the better of his cleverness and courage.
They very soon constructed carriages on wheels, and the thing was no sooner said than done, as there was no lack of zeal and no lack of hands to help the project on.
Having thus conveyed their ships across to the outer sea the Tarentines effectively besieged the Romans in the citadel, cutting off their supplies from outside.
Hannibal now leaving a garrison in the town withdrew his army, and after three days' march got back to his old camp, where he remained fixed for the rest of the winter.