Polybius, Histories

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Book 6 - Chapter 40

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<w lemma="%2Ata%5Cs">Τὰς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29nastratopedei%2Fas">ἀναστρατοπεδείας</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dntai">ποιοῦνται</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="shmh%2Fnh%7C">σημήνῃ</w>, <w lemma="katalu%2Fousi">καταλύουσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="skhna%5Cs">σκηνὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suntiqe%2Fasi">συντιθέασι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="forti%2Fa">φορτία</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes:">πάντες·</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kaqelei%3Dn">καθελεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcestin">ἔξεστιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nasth%3Dsai">ἀναστῆσαι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fna">οὐδένα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w> <w lemma="skhnh%3Ds">σκηνῆς</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w>, <w lemma="a%29natiqe%2Fasi">ἀνατιθέασι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="skeuofo%2Fra">σκευοφόρα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pozugi%2Fois">ὑποζυγίοις</w>. <w lemma="e%29pa%5Cn">ἐπὰν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fton">τρίτον</w> <w lemma="shmh%2Fnh%7C">σημήνῃ</w>, <w lemma="proa%2Fgein">προάγειν</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftous">πρώτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kinei%3Dn">κινεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prwtoporei%2Fan">πρωτοπορείαν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpan">ἐπίπαν</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fttousi">τάττουσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pile%2Fktous:">ἐπιλέκτους·</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Fllei">ἐπιβάλλει</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fras:">κέρας·</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fpetai">ἕπεται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="u%28pozu%2Fgia">ὑποζύγια</w>.
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<w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fa%7C">πορείᾳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+kw%3Dn">Ῥωμαϊκῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29kolouqei%3D">ἀκολουθεῖ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxon">ἔχον</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fpisqen">ὄπισθεν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeuh%2Fn">ἀποσκευήν</w>.
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<w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="katakolouqei%3D">κατακολουθεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w>, <w lemma="e%28pome%2Fnwn">ἑπομένων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="u%28pozugi%2Fwn">ὑποζυγίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeuh%3Ds">ἀποσκευῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ou%29ragi%2Fas">οὐραγίας</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnwn">τεταγμένων</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fa%7C">πορείᾳ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fttetai">τάττεται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="eu%29w%2Fnumon">εὐώνυμον</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fras">κέρας</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pouragou%3Dsi">ἀπουραγοῦσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkastoi">ἕκαστοι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresi">μέρεσι</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="u%28pozu%2Fgia">ὑποζύγια</w> <w lemma="pla%2Fgioi">πλάγιοι</w> <w lemma="paraporeu%2Fontai">παραπορεύονται</w>, <w lemma="sune%2Fxontes">συνέχοντες</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fzontes">παρασκευάζοντες</w>.
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<w lemma="prosdoki%2Fas">προσδοκίας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29ragi%2Fan">οὐραγίαν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flla">ἄλλα</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Flektoi">ἐπίλεκτοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29ragi%2Fan">οὐραγίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%5C">ἀντὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prwtoporei%2Fas">πρωτοπορείας</w> <w lemma="metalamba%2Fnousi">μεταλαμβάνουσι</w>.
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<w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dtai">ἡγεῖται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5C">αὐτὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fpetai">ἕπεται</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28drei%2Fas">ὑδρείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sitologi%2Fas">σιτολογίας</w> <w lemma="a%29keraio%2Fthtos">ἀκεραιότητος</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fson">ἴσον</w> <w lemma="koinwnw%3Dsi">κοινωνῶσι</w>, <w lemma="metalamba%2Fnontes">μεταλαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prwtoporei%2Fas">πρωτοπορείας</w> <w lemma="e%29nalla%5Cc">ἐναλλὰξ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w>.
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<w lemma="xrw%3Dntai">χρῶνται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frw%7C">ἑτέρῳ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnei">γένει</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fas">πορείας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pisfale%2Fsi">ἐπισφαλέσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29na">ἀνα</w>
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<w lemma="peptame%2Fnous">πεπταμένους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwsi">ἔχωσι</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgousi">ἄγουσι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="trifalaggi%2Fan">τριφαλαγγίαν</w> <w lemma="para%2Fllhlon">παράλληλον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28sta%2Ftwn">ἁστάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prigki%2Fpwn">πριγκίπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="triari%2Fwn">τριαρίων</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Fttontes">τάττοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnwn">ἡγουμένων</w> <w lemma="shmaiw%3Dn">σημαιῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pozu%2Fgia">ὑποζύγια</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftais">πρώταις</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fais">σημαίαις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deute%2Frwn">δευτέρων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="deute%2Frais">δευτέραις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tri%2Ftwn">τρίτων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29nalla%5Cc">ἐναλλὰξ</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fntes">τιθέντες</w>
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<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="u%28pozu%2Fgia">ὑποζύγια</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fais">σημαίαις</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcantes">συντάξαντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="prospi%2Fpth%7C">προσπίπτῃ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deinw%3Dn">δεινῶν</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29spi%2Fda">ἀσπίδα</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fnantes">κλίναντες</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fru">δόρυ</w>, <w lemma="proa%2Fgousi">προάγουσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pozugi%2Fwn">ὑποζυγίων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pifa%2Fneian">ἐπιφάνειαν</w>.
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<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="braxei%3D">βραχεῖ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mia%3D%7C">μιᾷ</w> <w lemma="kinh%2Fsei">κινήσει</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28plitw%3Dn">ὁπλιτῶν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fsthma">σύστημα</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnei">λαμβάνει</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesin">διάθεσιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="mh%2F">μή</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="proseceli%2Fcai">προσεξελίξαι</w> <w lemma="de%2Fh%7C">δέῃ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28sta%2Ftous">ἁστάτους</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pozugi%2Fwn">ὑποζυγίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="parepome%2Fnwn">παρεπομένων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w>, <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="paratetagme%2Fnous">παρατεταγμένους</w> <w lemma="u%28pestalko%2Fs">ὑπεσταλκός</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkousan">καθήκουσαν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>.
The following is their manner of breaking up camp.
Immediately upon the signal being given they take down the tents and every one packs up. No tent, however, may be either taken down or set up before those of the tribunes and consul.
On the second signal they load the pack animals, and on the third the leaders of the column must advance and set the whole camp in movement.
They usually place the extraordinarii at the head of the column. Next comes the right wing of the allies and behind them their pack animals.
The first Roman legion marches next with its baggage behind it and it is followed by the second legion,
which has behind it both its own pack animals and also the baggage of the allies who bring up the rear; for the left wing of the allies forms the extreme rear of the column on the march.
The cavalry sometimes marches in the rear of the respective bodies to which it belongs and sometimes on the flanks of the pack train, keeping the animals together and affording them protection.
When an attack is expected from the rear, the same order is maintained, but the allied extraordinarii, not any other portion of the allies, march in the rear instead of the van.
Of the two legions and wings each takes the front or rear position on alternate days, so that by this change of order all may equally share the advantage of a fresh water supply and fresh foraging ground.
They have also another kind of marching order at times of danger when they have open ground enough.
For in this case the hastati, principes, and triarii form three parallel columns, the pack trains of the leading maniples being placed in front of all, those of the second maniples behind the leading maniples, those of the third behind the second and so on, with the baggage trains always interspersed between the bodies of troops.
With this order of march when the column is threatened, they face now to the left now to the right, and getting clear of the baggage confront the enemy from whatever side he appears.
So that very rapidly, and by one movement the infantry is placed in order of battle (except perhaps that the hastati may have to wheel round the others),
and the crowd of baggage animals and their attendants are in their proper place in the battle, being covered by the line of troops.