Polybius, Histories

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Book 6 - Chapter 39

1
<w lemma="%2Akalw%3Ds">Καλῶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fous">νέους</w> <w lemma="e%29kkalou%3Dntai">ἐκκαλοῦνται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fein">κινδυνεύειν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnhtai%2F">γένηταί</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fa">χρεία</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndragaqh%2Fswsi">ἀνδραγαθήσωσι</w>, <w lemma="sunagagw%5Cn">συναγαγὼν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fan">ἐκκλησίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdou">στρατοπέδου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parasthsa%2Fmenos">παραστησάμενος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcanta%2Fs">δόξαντάς</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="pepraxe%2Fnai">πεπραχέναι</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Fron">διαφέρον</w>, <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29gkw%2Fmion">ἐγκώμιον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgei">λέγει</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndragaqi%2Fas">ἀνδραγαθίας</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fn">κἄν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllo">ἄλλο</w> <w lemma="sunupa%2Frxh%7C">συνυπάρχῃ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqw%3D%7C">ἀγαθῷ</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhs">μνήμης</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fcion">ἄξιον</w>,
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trw%2Fsanti">τρώσαντι</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmion">πολέμιον</w> <w lemma="gai%3Dson">γαῖσον</w> <w lemma="dwrei%3Dtai">δωρεῖται</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katabalo%2Fnti">καταβαλόντι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="skuleu%2Fsanti">σκυλεύσαντι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezw%3D%7C">πεζῷ</w> <w lemma="fia%2Flhn">φιάλην</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3D">ἱππεῖ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flar%27">φάλαρ᾽</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="gai%3Dson">γαῖσον</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w>.
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<w lemma="tugxa%2Fnei">τυγχάνει</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcei">παρατάξει</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="katalh%2Fyei">καταλήψει</w> <w lemma="trw%2Fsh%7C">τρώσῃ</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="skuleu%2Fsh%7C">σκυλεύσῃ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29krobolismoi%3Ds">ἀκροβολισμοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2F">ἤ</w> <w lemma="tisin">τισιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="mhdemia%3Ds">μηδεμιᾶς</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhs">ἀνάγκης</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fein">κινδυνεύειν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%2F">αὐτοί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="e%28kousi%2Fws">ἑκουσίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fasi">διδόασι</w>.
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="katalambanome%2Fnhs">καταλαμβανομένης</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftois">πρώτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tei%3Dxos">τεῖχος</w> <w lemma="a%29naba%3Dsi">ἀναβᾶσι</w> <w lemma="xrusou%3Dn">χρυσοῦν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fdwsi">δίδωσι</w> <w lemma="ste%2Ffanon">στέφανον</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28peraspi%2Fsantas">ὑπερασπίσαντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sw%2Fsanta%2Fs">σώσαντάς</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politw%3Dn">πολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pishmai%2Fnetai">ἐπισημαίνεται</w> <w lemma="dw%2Frois">δώροις</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxoi">χιλίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="swqe%2Fntas">σωθέντας</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28ko%2Fntes">ἑκόντες</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fswsin">ποιήσωσιν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%2F">μή</w>, <w lemma="kri%2Fnantes">κρίναντες</w> <w lemma="sunanagka%2Fzousi">συναναγκάζουσι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="sw%2Fsanta">σώσαντα</w> <w lemma="stefanou%3Dn">στεφανοῦν</w>.
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<w lemma="se%2Fbetai">σέβεται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="swqei%5Cs">σωθεὶς</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pate%2Fra">πατέρα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="gonei%3D">γονεῖ</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="parormh%2Fsews">παρορμήσεως</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontas">ἀκούοντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntas">παρόντας</w> <w lemma="e%29kkalou%3Dntai">ἐκκαλοῦνται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnois">κινδύνοις</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fmillan">ἅμιλλαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dlon">ζῆλον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fkw%7C">οἴκῳ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnontas:">μένοντας·</w>
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tuxo%2Fntes">τυχόντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="dwrew%3Dn">δωρεῶν</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="eu%29klei%2Fas">εὐκλείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fkw%7C">οἴκῳ</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhs">φήμης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fnodon">ἐπάνοδον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="pompa%5Cs">πομπὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pish%2Fmws">ἐπισήμως</w> <w lemma="pompeu%2Fousi">πομπεύουσι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnois">μόνοις</w> <w lemma="e%29cei%3Dnai">ἐξεῖναι</w> <w lemma="periti%2Fqesqai">περιτίθεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fsmon">κόσμον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgw%3Dn">στρατηγῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ndragaqi%2Fa%7C">ἀνδραγαθίᾳ</w> <w lemma="tetimhme%2Fnois">τετιμημένοις</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fn">ἔν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fais">οἰκίαις</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftous">ἐπιφανεστάτους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fasi">τιθέασι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sku%3Dla">σκῦλα</w>, <w lemma="shmei%3Da">σημεῖα</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="martu%2Fria">μαρτύρια</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29reth%3Ds">ἀρετῆς</w>.
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<w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelei%2Fas">ἐπιμελείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%3Ds">σπουδῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tima%5Cs">τιμὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="timwri%2Fas">τιμωρίας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w>, <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flh">τέλη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemikw%3Dn">πολεμικῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w> <w lemma="e%29pituxh%3D">ἐπιτυχῆ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lampra%5C">λαμπρὰ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29oyw%2Fnion">Ὀψώνιον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnousi">λαμβάνουσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="du%2F%27">δύ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29bolou%2Fs">ὀβολούς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="taci%2Farxoi">ταξίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="diplou%3Dn">διπλοῦν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="draxmh%2Fn">δραχμήν</w>.
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<w lemma="sitometrou%3Dntai">σιτομετροῦνται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="purw%3Dn">πυρῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29attikou%3D">Ἀττικοῦ</w> <w lemma="medi%2Fmnou">μεδίμνου</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista%2F">μάλιστά</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kriqw%3Dn">κριθῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28pta%5C">ἑπτὰ</w> <w lemma="medi%2Fmnous">μεδίμνους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dna">μῆνα</w>, <w lemma="purw%3Dn">πυρῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w>,
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fson">ἴσον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="purw%3Dn">πυρῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fdimnon">μέδιμνον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fton">τρίτον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>, <w lemma="kriqw%3Dn">κριθῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w>.
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<w lemma="di%2Fdotai">δίδοται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="dwrea%3D%7C:">δωρεᾷ·</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29sqh%3Dtos">ἐσθῆτος</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fn">κἄν</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplou">ὅπλου</w> <w lemma="prosdehqw%3Dsi">προσδεηθῶσι</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tami%2Fas">ταμίας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnhn">τεταγμένην</w> <w lemma="timh%5Cn">τιμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ywni%2Fwn">ὀψωνίων</w> <w lemma="u%28pologi%2Fzetai">ὑπολογίζεται</w>.
They also have an admirable method of encouraging the young soldiers to face danger.
After a battle in which some of them have distinguished themselves, the general calls an assembly of the troops, and bringing forward those whom he considers to have displayed conspicuous valour, first of all speaks in laudatory terms of the courageous deeds of each and of anything else in their previous conduct which deserves commendation, and afterwards distributes the following rewards.
To the man who has wounded an enemy, a spear; to him who has slain and stripped an enemy, a cup if he be in the infantry and horse trappings if in the cavalry, although the gift here was originally only a spear.
These gifts are not made to men who have wounded or stripped an enemy in a regular battle or at the storming of a city, but to those who during skirmishes or in similar circumstances, where there is no necessity for engaging in single combat, have voluntarily and deliberately thrown themselves into the danger.
To the first man to mount the wall at the assault on a city, he gives a crown of gold.
So also those who have shielded and saved any of the citizens or allies receive honorary gifts from the consul, and the men they saved crown their preservers, if not under their own free will under compulsion from the tribunes who judge the case.
The man thus preserved also reverences his preserver as a father all through his life, and must treat him in every way like a parent.
By such incentives they excite to emulation and rivalry in the field not only the men who are present and listen to their words, but those who remain at home also.
For the recipients of such gifts, quite apart from becoming famous in the army and famous too for the time at their homes, are especially distinguished in religious processions after their return, as no one is allowed to wear decorations except those on whom these honours for bravery have been conferred by the consul;
and in their houses they hand up the spoils they won in the most conspicuous places, looking upon them as tokens and evidences of their valour.
Considering all this attention given to the matter of punishments and rewards in the army and the importance attached to both, no wonder that the wars in which the Romans engage end so successfully and brilliantly.
As pay the foot-soldier receives two obols a day, a centurion twice as much, and a cavalry-soldier a drachma.
The allowance of corn to a foot-soldier is about two-thirds of an Attic medimnus a month, a cavalry-soldier receive seven medimni of barley and two of wheat.
Of the allies the infantry receive the same, the cavalry one and one-third medimnus of wheat and five of barley, these rations being a free gift to the allies; but in the case of the Romans the quaestor deducts from their pay the price fixed for their corn and clothes and any additional arm they require.