Polybius, Histories

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Book 5 - Chapter 11

1
<w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w>, <w lemma="probai%2Fnwn">προβαίνων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w>. <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="praxqe%2Fn">πραχθέν</w>. <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29sebh%2Fmasi">ἀσεβήμασι</w> <w lemma="sunecamarta%2Fnwn">συνεξαμαρτάνων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="qumo%5Cn">θυμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3D%7C">κακῷ</w> <w lemma="kako%5Cn">κακὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29w%2Fmenos">ἰώμενος</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Ftopon">ἄτοπον</w>.
2
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpa%7C">Σκόπᾳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwrima%2Fxw%7C">Δωριμάχῳ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Flgeian">ἀσέλγειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paranomi%2Fan">παρανομίαν</w> <w lemma="w%29nei%2Fdize">ὠνείδιζε</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Adwdw%2Fnh%7C">Δωδώνῃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2Fw%7C">Δίῳ</w> <w lemma="profero%2Fmenos">προφερόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbeian">ἀσέβειαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="qei%3Don:">θεῖον·</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w> <w lemma="poiw%3Dn">ποιῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fas">ὁμοίας</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="teu%2Fcesqai">τεύξεσθαι</w> <w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsasi">ἀκούσασι</w>.
3
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="parairei%3Dsqai">παραιρεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katafqei%2Frein">καταφθείρειν</w> <w lemma="frou%2Fria">φρούρια</w>, <w lemma="lime%2Fnas">λιμένας</w>, <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>, <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w>, <w lemma="karpou%2Fs">καρπούς</w>, <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w> <w lemma="a%29sqeneste%2Frous">ἀσθενεστέρους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsai">ποιήσαι</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sfe%2Ftera">σφέτερα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="dunamikwte%2Fras">δυναμικωτέρας</w>, <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fzousin">ἀναγκάζουσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmoi">νόμοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaia">δίκαια</w> <w lemma="dra%3Dn:">δρᾶν·</w>
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fan">ἐπικουρίαν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllonta">μέλλοντα</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ntinou%3Dn">ἡντινοῦν</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fzein">παρασκευάζειν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttwsin">ἐλάττωσιν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29nestw%3Dta">ἐνεστῶτα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="perittou%3D">περιττοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="naou%2Fs">ναούς</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ndria%2Fntas">ἀνδριάντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%5Cn">κατασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="lumai%2Fnesqai">λυμαίνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fpoi">εἴποι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpou">τρόπου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qumou%3D">θυμοῦ</w> <w lemma="luttw%3Dntos">λυττῶντος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w>;
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pwlei%2Fa%7C">ἀπωλείᾳ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29fanismw%3D%7C">ἀφανισμῷ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoh%2Fsasi">ἀγνοήσασι</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqou%5Cs">ἀγαθοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="diorqw%2Fsei">διορθώσει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metaqe%2Fsei">μεταθέσει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28marthme%2Fnwn">ἡμαρτημένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="sunanairei%3Dn">συναναιρεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikou%3Dnta">ἀδικοῦντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29dikhko%2Fsin">ἠδικηκόσιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sussw%2F%7Czein">συσσῴζειν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunecairei%3Dsqai">συνεξαιρεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29naiti%2Fois">ἀναιτίοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntas">δοκοῦντας</w> <w lemma="a%29dikei%3Dn">ἀδικεῖν</w>.
6
<w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dnta">ποιοῦντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbw%7C">φόβῳ</w> <w lemma="despo%2Fzein">δεσπόζειν</w> <w lemma="a%29kousi%2Fwn">ἀκουσίων</w>, <w lemma="misou%2Fmenon">μισούμενον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="misou%3Dnta">μισοῦντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28potattome%2Fnous:">ὑποταττομένους·</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="eu%29%3D">εὖ</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dnta">ποιοῦντα</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergesi%2Fan">εὐεργεσίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fan">φιλανθρωπίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29gapw%2Fmenon">ἀγαπώμενον</w>, <w lemma="e%28ko%2Fntwn">ἑκόντων</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dsqai">ἡγεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prostatei%3Dn">προστατεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Flista">Μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="katama%2Fqoi">καταμάθοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fan">ἁμαρτίαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w>, <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fna">τίνα</w> <w lemma="dia%2Flhyin">διάληψιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%5Cs">εἰκὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rhme%2Fnois">εἰρημένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fprace">ἔπραξε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="stoa%5Cs">στοὰς</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndria%2Fntas">ἀνδριάντας</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeire">διέφθειρε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllo">ἄλλο</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29%7Cki%2Fsato">ᾐκίσατο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29naqhma%2Ftwn">ἀναθημάτων</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29gw%5C">ἐγὼ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dmai">οἶμαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="belti%2Fsthn">βελτίστην</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpota%2Fthn">φιλανθρωποτάτην</w>, <w lemma="suneido%2Ftas">συνειδότας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%3Don">Δῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwdw%2Fnhn">Δωδώνην</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fna">πεπραγμένα</w>, <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ginw%2Fskontas">γινώσκοντας</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fq%27">ὅθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcai">πρᾶξαι</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="boulhqei%2Fh">βουληθείη</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcas">πράξας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="deino%2Ftata">δεινότατα</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fws">δικαίως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fkei">ἐδόκει</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="pepoihke%2Fnai">πεποιηκέναι</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros:">μέρος·</w>
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<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthta">πρᾳότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w>
His conduct on the present occasion is an instance of the difference. For in allowing his passion to make him the rival of the Aetolians in their impiety, he thought he was doing nothing wrong.
He was constantly reproaching Scopas and Dorimachus with brutality and lawless violence, alleging their outrages on religion at Dodona and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Dium&groupId=542&placeId=1019">Dium</a>, but never reflected that he himself by behaving in precisely the same manner would earn the same reputation among the very people he was addressing.
For it is one thing to seize on and destroy the enemy's forts, harbours, cities, men, ships, crops and other things of a like nature, by depriving him of which we weaken him, while strengthening our own resources and furthering our plans: all these indeed are measures forced on us by the usages and laws of war.
But to do wanton damage to temples, statues and all such works with absolutely no prospect of any resulting advantage in the war to our own cause or detriment to that of the enemy must be characterized as the work of a frenzied mind at the height of its fury.
For good men should not make war on wrong-doers with the object of destroying and exterminating them, but with that of correcting and reforming their errors, nor should they involve the guiltless in the fate of the guilty, but rather extend to those whom they think guilty the mercy and deliverance they offer to the innocent.
It is indeed the part of a tyrant to do evil that he may make himself the master of men by fear against their will, hated himself and hating his subjects, but it is that of a king to do good to all and thus rule and preside over a willing people, earning their love by his beneficence and humanity.
We can but realize the gravity of Philip's error by picturing to ourselves, what opinion of him the Aetolians would have held if he had done just the reverse, and had neither destroyed the colonnades and statues nor damaged any of the votive offerings.
For my own part I think it would have been the best and kindest opinion, since they were conscious of their crimes at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Dium&groupId=542&placeId=1019">Dium</a> and Dodona and would have been well aware that Philip was now at liberty to do exactly what he wished, and even if he acted most ruthlessly would be held to have done right as far at least as concerned themselves,
but that owing to his gentle and magnanimous spirit he had chosen to avoid acting in any respect as they had done.