Polybius, Histories

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Book 5 - Chapter 10

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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtos">πρῶτος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29ch%2Fsas">αὐξήσας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29rxhgo%5Cs">ἀρχηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="prosxh%2Fmatos">προσχήματος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w>, <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsas">νικήσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Axairwnei%2Fa%7C">Χαιρωνείᾳ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fnuse">ἤνυσε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pieikei%2Fas">ἐπιεικείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fas">φιλανθρωπίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpwn">τρόπων</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnwn">μόνων</w> <w lemma="periege%2Fneto">περιεγένετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsth">κατέστη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntitacame%2Fnwn">ἀντιταξαμένων</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29gnwmosu%2Fnh%7C">εὐγνωμοσύνῃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metrio%2Fthti">μετριότητι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxen">ἔσχεν</w> <w lemma="u%28poxei%2Frion">ὑποχείριον</w>,
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<w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29pimetrw%3Dn">ἐπιμετρῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="qumw%3D%7C">θυμῷ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prattome%2Fnois">πραττομένοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="polemw%3Dn">πολεμῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filoneikw%3Dn">φιλονεικῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29forma%5Cs">ἀφορμὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fdeicin">ἀπόδειξιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthtos">πρᾳότητος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaloka%29gaqi%2Fas">καλοκἀγαθίας</w>.
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<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="lu%2Ftrwn">λύτρων</w> <w lemma="a%29postei%2Flas">ἀποστείλας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalw%2Ftous">αἰχμαλώτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="khdeu%2Fsas">κηδεύσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="teteleuthko%2Ftas">τετελευτηκότας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunqei%5Cs">συνθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antipa%2Ftrw%7C">Ἀντιπάτρῳ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="o%29sta%3D">ὀστᾶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pallattome%2Fnwn">ἀπαλλαττομένων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="a%29mfie%2Fsas">ἀμφιέσας</w>, <w lemma="mikra%3D%7C">μικρᾷ</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnh%7C">δαπάνῃ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gxi%2Fnoian">ἀγχίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="kateirga%2Fsato:">κατειργάσατο·</w>
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="fro%2Fnhma">φρόνημα</w> <w lemma="kataplhca%2Fmenos">καταπληξάμενος</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fa%7C">μεγαλοψυχίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmous">ἑτοίμους</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%5C">ἀντὶ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>.
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<w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandros">Ἀλέξανδρος</w>; <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnos">ἐκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29corgisqei%5Cs">ἐξοργισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fois">Θηβαίοις</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kh%2Ftoras">οἰκήτορας</w> <w lemma="e%29candrapodi%2Fsasqai">ἐξανδραποδίσασθαι</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdafos">ἔδαφος</w> <w lemma="kataska%2Fyai">κατασκάψαι</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="qeou%5Cs">θεοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29sebei%2Fas">εὐσεβείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="w%29ligw%2Frhse">ὠλιγώρησε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2Flhyin">κατάληψιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fsthn">πλείστην</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fnoian">πρόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsion">ἀκούσιον</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Frthma">ἁμάρτημα</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="i%28era%5C">ἱερὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="teme%2Fnh">τεμένη</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="diaba%5Cs">διαβὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="meteporeu%2Feto">μετεπορεύετο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apersw%3Dn">Περσῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbeian">ἀσέβειαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="e%29peira%2Fqh">ἐπειράθη</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkhn">δίκην</w> <w lemma="a%29ci%2Fan">ἀξίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fnwn">πεπραγμένων</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qeoi%3Ds">θεοῖς</w> <w lemma="katapefhmisme%2Fnwn">καταπεφημισμένων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsxeto">ἀπέσχετο</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apersw%3Dn">Περσῶν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="e%29camarto%2Fntwn">ἐξαμαρτόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Atau%3Dt%27">Ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%3Dn">ἐχρῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnonta">λαμβάνοντα</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fas">μεγαλοψυχίας</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fdoxon">διάδοχον</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29nadeiknu%2Fnai">ἀναδεικνύναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="klhrono%2Fmon">κληρονόμον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suggenh%5Cs">συγγενὴς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnhtai">φαίνηται</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="spoudh%2Fn">σπουδήν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="zhlwth%5Cs">ζηλωτὴς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fxiston">ἐλάχιστον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>.
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<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ndra%2Fsin">ἀνδράσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeu%2Fwn">ἐπιτηδεύων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fas">ἐναντίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftuxe">ἔτυχε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w>
Again Philip, who first raised their kingdom to the rank of a great power and the royal house to a position of splendour, did not, when he conquered the Athenians in the battle of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>, obtain so much success by his arms as by the leniency and humanity of his character.
For by war and arms he only defeated and subjugated those who met him in the field, but by his gentleness and moderation he brought all the Athenians and their city under his domination,
not letting passion push him on to further achievement, but pursuing the war and striving for victory only until he found a fair occasion for exhibiting his clemency and goodness.
So he dismissed the prisoners without ransom, paid the last honours to the Athenian dead, entrusting their bones to Antipater to convey to their homes, gave clothes to most of those who were released, and thus at a small expense achieved by this sagacious policy a result of the greatest importance.
For having daunted the haughty spirit of the Athenians by his magnanimity, he gained their hearty co-operation in all his schemes instead of their hostility.
And take Alexander. Though so indignant with the Thebans that he razed the city to the ground, yet he was so far from neglecting the reverence due to the gods when he captured the city, that he took the most anxious care that not even any unintentional offence should be committed against the temples and holy places in general.
Even when he crossed to Asia to chastise the Persians for the outrages they had perpetrated against the Greeks, he strove to exact the punishment from men that their deeds deserved, but refrained from injuring anything consecrated to the gods, although it was in this respect that the Persians had offended most while in Greece.
With these examples constantly present to his mind Philip should now have shown himself to be the true heir and successor of those princes, not inheriting so much their kingdom as their high principles and magnanimity.
But, instead of this, though all through his life he was at great pains to prove that he was allied in blood to Alexander and Philip, he was not in the least anxious to show himself their emulator.
Therefore since his practices were the reverse of theirs, as he advanced in years his general reputation came to be also the reverse.