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Archaeology

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Book 33 - Chapter 6

1
<head lang="la">IV. Res Ariarathis</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aprihnei%3Ds">Πριηνεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fpeson">ἐνέπεσον</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgw%7C">παραλόγῳ</w> <w lemma="sumfora%3D%7C">συμφορᾷ</w>.
2
<w lemma="deca%2Fmenoi">δεξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29orofe%2Frnous">Ὀροφέρνους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ft%27">ὅτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kra%2Fthse">ἐκράτησε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="paraqh%2Fkh%7C">παραθήκῃ</w> <w lemma="tetrako%2Fsia">τετρακόσια</w> <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%7Ctou%3Dnto">ἀπῃτοῦντο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ariara%2Fqou">Ἀριαράθου</w> *
3
?<w lemma=""></w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="mete%2Flabe">μετέλαβε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Aprihnei%3Ds">Πριηνεῖς</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w>, <w lemma="o%29rqw%3Ds">ὀρθῶς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fstanto">ἵσταντο</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="mhdeni%5C">μηδενὶ</w> <w lemma="proh%2Fsesqai">προήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fmata">χρήματα</w> <w lemma="zw%3Dntos">ζῶντος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29orofe%2Frnous">Ὀροφέρνους</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="paraqeme%2Fnw%7C:">παραθεμένῳ·</w>
4
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ariara%2Fqhs">Ἀριαράθης</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fkei">ἐδόκει</w> <w lemma="parapi%2Fptein">παραπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkontos">καθήκοντος</w>, <w lemma="a%29paitw%3Dn">ἀπαιτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29llotri%2Fan">ἀλλοτρίαν</w> <w lemma="paraqh%2Fkhn">παραθήκην</w>.
5
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fx%27">τάχ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxoi">ἔχοι</w> <w lemma="suggnw%2Fmhn">συγγνώμην</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="katapeira%2Fzonti">καταπειράζοντι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fas">βασιλείας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fmata:">χρήματα·</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="porrwte%2Frw">πορρωτέρω</w> <w lemma="probai%2Fnein">προβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%3Ds">ὀργῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fas">φιλοτιμίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fkei">ἐδόκει</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>.
6
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnous">λεγομένους</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29papostei%2Flas">ἐπαποστείλας</w> <w lemma="e%29lehla%2Ftei">ἐλεηλάτει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aprihne%2Fwn">Πριηνέων</w>, <w lemma="sunergou%3Dntos">συνεργοῦντος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29atta%2Flou">Ἀττάλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parocu%2Fnontos">παροξύνοντος</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="diafora%2Fn">διαφοράν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aprihnei%3Ds">Πριηνεῖς</w>.
7
<w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="swma%2Ftwn">σωμάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qremma%2Ftwn">θρεμμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29polome%2Fnwn">ἀπολομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="ptwma%2Ftwn">πτωμάτων</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnwn">γενομένων</w>, <w lemma="a%29mu%2Fnasqai">ἀμύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Doi%2F">οἷοί</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Aprihnei%3Ds">Πριηνεῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29pre%2Fsbeuon">ἐπρέσβευον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fous">Ῥοδίους</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="kate%2Ffugon">κατέφυγον</w>.
8
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="prosei%3Dxon">προσεῖχον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnois">λεγομένοις</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aprihnei%3Ds">Πριηνεῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flas">μεγάλας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqei">πλήθει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xrhma%2Ftwn">χρημάτων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fois">ἐναντίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29neku%2Frhsan:">ἐνεκύρησαν·</w>
9
<w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29orofe%2Frnei">Ὀροφέρνει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraqh%2Fkhn">παραθήκην</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fdwkan">ἀπέδωκαν</w>, <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ariara%2Fqou">Ἀριαράθου</w> <w lemma="i%28kanai%3Ds">ἱκαναῖς</w> <w lemma="tisi">τισι</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fbais">βλάβαις</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fpeson">περιέπεσον</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraqh%2Fkhn">παραθήκην</w>.
<head>IV. Affairs of Ariarathes</head>At about this time an unexpected disaster overtook the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>.
For having received from Orophernes when he was in power four hundred talents as a deposit, they were asked subsequently to return it by Ariarathes when he recovered his kingdom.
Now the position of the Prienians in my opinion was correct, when they refused to give up the money to anyone except the depositor during the lifetime of Orophernes,
and Ariarathes was thought by many to have exceeded his rights in demanding the return of a deposit not his own.
One might, however, pardon him to a certain extent for this attempt, on the ground that the money as he thought belonged to his kingdom; but his conduct in proceeding to extreme measures dictated by anger and determination to enforce his will cannot, I think, be justified.
At the time I am speaking of he sent a force to devastate the territory of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>, helped and encouraged by Attalus owing to that prince\'s own quarrel with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>.
After the loss of many slaves and cattle and when some buildings were laid in ruins closed to the city, the Prienians proved unable to defend themselves, and having in the first place sent an embassy to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> appealed to the Romans,
who paid no attention to their demand. The Prienians had based high hopes on their command of so large a sum but the result was just the opposite.
For they paid the deposit back to Orophernes, and unjustly suffered considerable damage at the hands of King Ariarathes owing to this same deposit.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
33.6.1 - 33.6.9
<p rend="Plain Text">Ariarathes' demand on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a></p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt, like 5. 2–4, is from de uirt. et uit., and also belongs to res Asiae of Ol. 156, 2 = 155/4; see pp. 41–42. With Attalus' help Ariarathes had expelled Orophernes from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cappadocia&groupId=435&placeId=343">Cappadocia</a> in 157 (cf. xxxii. 11. 12). His demand for the money deposited in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> was evidently made while Orophernes was alive (§ 3); but we do not know how long Orophernes lived after his expulsion (§ 3 n.), nor what interval separated the Prienian refusal to hand over the money to Ariarathes and his devastation of Prienian territory. But these events are likely to have been in fairly quick succession, and the devastation is probably rightly dated to 155/4 (see p. 42).</p>
Specifics
33.6.1 - 33.6.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Πριηνεῖς</w>:</emph> <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> lay on the south slope of Mt. Mycale, overlooking the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maeander&groupId=725&placeId=1330">Maeander</a> estuary, not far from modern Gllbahe; see Magie, i. 78; ii. 893 n. 100; G. Kleiner, RE, Suppl.-B. ix, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>', cols. 1181–1221. It seems to have been independent in 196 (xviii. 47. 1 n.) and probably after the war with Antiochus (xxi. 46. 2 n.; p. 167). <milestone unit="page" n="547">[547]</milestone> </p>
33.6.2 - 33.6.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρ᾽ Ὀροφέρνους</w>:</emph> see xxxii. 10. 4 n., 11. 1 n.; he seized <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cappadocia&groupId=435&placeId=343">Cappadocia</a> in 158 and held the throne for about a year. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τετρακόσια τάλαντα</w>:</emph> cf. Diod. xxxi. 32, <w lang="el-GR">ἀθροίσας δὲ χρημάτων πλῆθος τετρακόσια τάλαντα παρέθετο Πριηνεῦσι πρὸς τὰ τῆς τύχης παράλογα ἅπερ ὓστερον ἀπέδωκαν</w> . M. Schede, Ruinen von <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> (Berlin, 1934), 8, suggested that a colonnade in the agora and a gymnasium were built from the sum deposited by Orophernes; but the colonnade is now known to have been built by Ariarathes VI (Insch. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>, 204, corrected on p. xviii and 311; Magie, ii. 1057 n. 33). See Rostovtzeff, SEHHW, ii. 824. For gifts of Orophernes to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> see Lenschau, RE, 'Orophernes', cols. 1169–70; they included a statue of Athena for the temple of Athena Polias (BMI, iii. 1. 45), and a statue of the Demos costing 3,000 drachmae (Welles, no. 63). For tetradrachms of Orophernes found under the statue of Athena at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> cf. K. Regling, Mnzen von <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> (Berlin, 1927), 9 f., 44 f. Niese, iii. 248, suggests that he may have been brought up there. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ τοὺς ἑξῆς χρόνους</w>:</emph> perhaps not long after Ariarathes recovered his throne in 157 (cf. 6. 1–9 n.). </p>
33.6.3 - 33.6.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ζῶντος Ὀροφέρνους</w>:</emph> he lived at Demetrius' court after his expulsion; when he intrigued with the people of Antioch who were in revolt, Demetrius spared his life 'ne Ariarathes metu fraterni belli liberaretur' (Iustin. xxxv. 1. 1–4). </p>
33.6.4 - 33.6.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παραπίπτειν τοῦ καθήκοντος</w>:</emph> 'to have gone beyond what was equitable'. </p>
33.6.6 - 33.6.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ δὲ τοὺς νῦν λεγομένους καιρούς</w>:</emph> probably Ol. 156, 2 = 155/4 (though this is not certain); see 6. 1–9 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὴν . . . διαφοράν, ἣν εἶχε πρὸς τοὺς Πριηνεῖς</w>:</emph> the cause of this is unknown. Attalus had succeeded Eumenes in 159/8 (xxxii. 12 n.). </p>
33.6.7 - 33.6.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πρὸς τῇ πόλει πτωμάτων γενομένων</w>:</emph> this implies that the city itself was not penetrated; hence the burnt layer found near the western gate will not date to this attack (as argued by E. Ziebarth, Kulturbilder aus griechischen Stdten, i <emph rend="superscript">3</emph> (Leipzig, 1919), 44 f.; quoted by Kleiner, RE, Suppl.-B. ix, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>', col. 1188). </p>
33.6.8 - 33.6.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οἱ δ᾽ οὐ προσεῖχον τοῖς λεγομένοις</w>:</emph> not strictly true; see the inscription, OGIS, 351 = Insch. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> 39 = Sherk, 6. This fragmentary document contains a senatus consultum directing the sending of a note of protest to Attalus and Ariarathes; this follows a section mentioning Ariarathes and variously identified as a city decree of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> or (more probably) as a letter from a Roman magistrate which accompanied the senatus consultum. 'The two kings were allies of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. The situation was a delicate one and the Senate compromised' (Sherk). </p>
33.6.9 - 33.6.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῷ . . . Ὀροφέρνει τὴν παραθήκην ἀπέδωκαν</w>:</emph> when they did this is not recorded; but evidently after they refused it to Ariarathes. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἱκαναῖς τισι βλάβαις περιέπεσον</w>:</emph> a Prienian inscription of about this <milestone unit="page" n="548">[548]</milestone> period (Insch. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a>, 108) honours a certain Moschion for gifts and loans of money and sales of grain at a low price; he also made journeys to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syria&groupId=995&placeId=502">Syria</a>, and the Nabataeans. Rostovtzeff, SEHHW, iii. 1520 n. 71, thought this was evidence for Prienian distress due to Ariarathes' attacks; but the wording of the inscription gives no support to this hypothesis (cf. Magie, ii. 1057–8 n. 34). </p>

Commentary