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Book 32 - Chapter 13

1
<head lang="la">D. Olymp. 155, 4. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Fnnion">Φάννιον</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftwn">παραγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fdos">Ἰλλυρίδος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diasafou%2Fntwn">διασαφούντων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxoien">ἀπέχοιεν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Adelmatei%3Ds">Δελματεῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="diorqou%3Dsqai%2F">διορθοῦσθαί</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29gkaloume%2Fnwn">ἐγκαλουμένων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontas">φάσκοντας</w> <w lemma="a%29dikei%3Dsqai">ἀδικεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="e%29pide%2Fxointo">ἐπιδέχοιντο</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="le%2Fgontes">λέγοντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="koino%2Fn:">κοινόν·</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="diesa%2Ffoun">διεσάφουν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fluma">κατάλυμα</w> <w lemma="doqh%3Dnai">δοθῆναι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="paroxh%2Fn">παροχήν</w>,
2
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppous">ἵππους</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Fras">ἑτέρας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="a%29fele%2Fsqai">ἀφελέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Adelmatei%3Ds">Δελματεῖς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fas">βίας</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn:">αὑτῶν·</w>
3
<w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmous">ἑτοίμους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="prosa%2Fgein">προσάγειν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="sunei%2Fcantes">συνείξαντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fas">ἡσυχίας</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsanto">ἐποιήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Flusin">ἀπόλυσιν</w>.
4
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsasa">ἀκούσασα</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pista%2Fsews">ἐπιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="h%29gana%2Fktei">ἠγανάκτει</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Adelmate%2Fwn">Δελματέων</w> <w lemma="a%29peiqei%2Fa%7C">ἀπειθείᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="skaio%2Fthti">σκαιότητι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Flabe">ὑπέλαβε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pith%2Fdeion">ἐπιτήδειον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="polemh%3Dsai">πολεμῆσαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>.
5
<w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fdos">Ἰλλυρίδος</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="neu%2Fonta">νεύοντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nepi%2Fskepta">ἀνεπίσκεπτα</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>,
6
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrion">Δημήτριον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Frion">Φάριον</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fbalon">ἐξέβαλον</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Fs">τούς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpous">ἀνθρώπους</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29bou%2Flonto">ἐβούλοντο</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fna">οὐδένα</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29poqhlu%2Fnesqai">ἀποθηλύνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poluxro%2Fnion">πολυχρόνιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fnhn:">εἰρήνην·</w>
7
<w lemma="e%29%2Ftos">ἔτος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dwde%2Fkaton">δωδέκατον</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aperse%2Fa">Περσέα</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fa%7C">Μακεδονίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w>. <w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29bouleu%2Fonto">ἐβουλεύοντο</w>,
8
<w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29nsthsa%2Fmenoi">ἐνστησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="w%28sanei%5C">ὡσανεὶ</w> <w lemma="kainopoih%3Dsai">καινοποιῆσαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqumi%2Fas">προθυμίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlwn">ὄχλων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kataplhca%2Fmenoi">καταπληξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriou%5Cs">Ἰλλυριοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fsai">ἀναγκάσαι</w> <w lemma="peiqarxei%3Dn">πειθαρχεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="paraggellome%2Fnois">παραγγελλομένοις</w>.
9
<w lemma="au%28%3Dtai">αὗται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fai">αἰτίαι</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="e%29pole%2Fmhsan">ἐπολέμησαν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="%2Adelmateu%3Dsi:">Δελματεῦσι·</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="a%29nedei%2Fknuon">ἀνεδείκνυον</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fbrin">ὕβριν</w> <w lemma="kekriko%2Ftes">κεκρικότες</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w>. —
<head>VII. Affairs of Italy</head><head>War with Dalmatia resolved on</head>On the return of Gaius Fannius and the other legates from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, they reported that the Dalmatians were so far from consenting to set right any of the constant abuses complained of by their accusers, that they would not even listen to them, saying that they had nothing in common with the Romans.
They also reported that they had neither been given a residence nor supplied with food, and that the Dalmatians had even taken away from them by force the horses they had brought from another town,
and were ready to lay violent hands on the legates themselves, had they not yielded to circumstances and left quite quietly.
The senate heard them with much attention and were highly indignant at the stubbornness and rudeness of the Dalmatians; but their chief motive for action was that for several reasons they thought the time a suitable one for making war on the Dalmatians.
For to begin with they had never once set foot in those parts of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> which face the Adriatic
since they expelled Demetrius of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a>, and next they did not at all wish the Italians to become effeminate owing to the long peace,
it being now twelve years since the war with Perseus and their campaigns in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>.
They, therefore, resolved by undertaking a war against the Dalmatians both to recreate, as it were, the spirit and zeal of their own troops, and by striking terror into the Illyrians to compel them to obey their behests.
These, then, were the reasons why the Romans went to war with the Dalmatians, but to the world at large they gave out that they had decided on war owing to the insult to their ambassadors.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
32.13.1 - 32.13.9
<p rend="Plain Text">Roman decision to make war on the Dalmatians (157/6)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt from de legat. Rom. forms part of res Italiae of Ol. 155, 4 = 157/6; see p. 38.</p>
32.13.2 - 32.13.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> 〈 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τε</w></emph> 〉 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατάλυμα δοθῆναι σφίσι μήτε παροχήν</w>:</emph> 'they had been given neither lodgings nor provisions'; on this cf. xxi. 18. 3 n., discussing Roman practice in relation to visiting envoys. </p>
Specifics
32.13.1 - 32.13.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Γάιον Φάννιον</w>:</emph> cf. 9. 3 n.; he had been sent to Dalmatia probably in spring 157, and his return will have been in the same autumn. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς . . . φάσκοντας ἀδικεῖσθαι συνεχῶς</w>:</emph> the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> (or is it Lissus?) and the Daorsi (9. 1–2 nn.). </p>
32.13.4 - 32.13.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν καιρὸν ἐπιτήδειον κτλ</w>.:</emph> P. stresses that the decision rested on expediency (§ 9); it initiates a new policy of overseas conquest in this region (Scullard, Pol <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> . 228–9). </p>
32.13.5 - 32.13.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰ νεύοντα πρὸς τὸν Ἀδρίαν</w>:</emph> for the southern limits of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Adriatic Sea&groupId=281&placeId=553">Adriatic Sea</a> in P. see ii. 14. 4 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀνεπίσκεπτα τέλεως κτλ</w>.:</emph> cf. xxix. 4. 2 n. </p>
32.13.6 - 32.13.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐξ οὗ Δημήτριον . . . ἐξέβαλον</w>:</emph> on Demetrius of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a> see ii. 10. 8, 11. 15–17, iii. 16. 2 n.; and for his expulsion from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> in 219 see iii. 19. 8, iv. 66. 4. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τὴν πολυχρό?νιον εἰρήνην</w>:</emph> there had been no fighting in the east, but there had not been complete peace since Perseus' defeat. In 166 both consuls were fighting in northern <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> (Livy, ep. 46; Act. tr. capit. and Urbisalv.), in 163 M. Iuventius Thalna was fighting in Corsica and died just after receiving news that he had been granted a supplicatio (Val. Max. ix. 12. 3; Pliny, Nat. hist. vii. 182), and in 158 the Fasti triumphales record a triumph over the Ligurians. See Gelzer, Kl. Schr. iii. 174–5, who emphasizes P.'s lack of interest in the west, and summary treatment of events there. Wilkes, Dalmatia, 30–31, rejects the explanation that the Senate wanted a war to toughen up the troops as 'hardly credible . . . especially when so much effort at this time was being put into the Spanish campaigns'. But there had been peace in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> since 178 (cf. xxxv. 2. 15), and this was not broken till 154 (cf. Simon, 11–12). P.'s statement seems generally acceptable, though he may exaggerate this factor somewhat. </p>
32.13.7 - 32.13.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἔτος . . . δωδέκατον</w>:</emph> <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pydna&groupId=919&placeId=1647">Pydna</a> was fought in Ol. 152, 4 = 169/8, and these events are in Ol. 155, 4 = 157/6; see p. 38. </p>
32.13.8 - 32.13.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς Ἰλλυριοὺς ἀναγκάσαι πειθαρχεῖν κτλ</w>.:</emph> the Dalmatians, who are an Illyrian people. </p>
32.13.9 - 32.13.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοῖς γε μὴν ἐκτὸς . . . ἀνεδείκνυον</w>:</emph> 'to the world at large they represented the war etc.'; for Roman concern about their public reputation cf. xxxvi. 2. 1. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τὴν εἰς τοὺς πρεσβευτὰς ὕβριν</w>:</emph> a popular and frequent pretext; <milestone unit="page" n="535">[535]</milestone> cf. the incidents at Tarentum (i. 6. 5 n.), before the First Illyrian War (ii. 8. 12–13), in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Liguria&groupId=689&placeId=1259">Liguria</a> (xxxiii. 9. 1–8), and at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a> in 146 (xxxviii. 12. 1–4). For the case of Cn. Octavius see 3. 11–12. </p>

Commentary