Polybius, Histories
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Book 32 - Chapter 1

1
<head lang="la">A. Olymp. 155, 1. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dkon">ἧκον</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ariara%2Fqou">Ἀριαράθου</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w> <w lemma="ste%2Ffano%2Fn">στέφανόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="komi%2Fzontes">κομίζοντες</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fwn">μυρίων</w> <w lemma="xrusw%3Dn">χρυσῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diasafou%3Dntes">διασαφοῦντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w>, ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ma%2Frturas">μάρτυρας</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%2Fgonto">ἐπήγοντο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frion">Τεβέριον</w>.
2
<w lemma=""></w>
3
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqomologhsame%2Fnwn">ἀνθομολογησαμένων</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ste%2Ffanon">στέφανον</w> <w lemma="a%29pede%2Fcato">ἀπεδέξατο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhs">μεγάλης</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fritos">χάριτος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgista">μέγιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="nomizome%2Fnwn">νομιζομένων</w> <w lemma="dw%2Frwn">δώρων</w> <w lemma="a%29ntape%2Fsteile">ἀνταπέστειλε</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ski%2Fpwna">σκίπωνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29lefa%2Fntinon">ἐλεφάντινον</w> <w lemma="di%2Ffron">δίφρον</w>.
4
<w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Flusen">ἀπέλυσεν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w>.
5
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="%2A%29atta%2Flou">Ἀττάλου</w> <w lemma="paragenhqe%2Fntos">παραγενηθέντος</w>, <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29lhfo%2Ftwn">εἰληφότων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kathgorhsa%2Fntwn">κατηγορησάντων</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="a%29pesta%2Flkei">ἀπεστάλκει</w> <w lemma="%2Aprousi%2Fas">Προυσίας</w>,
6
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frwn">ἑτέρων</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fas">Ἀσίας</w>, <w lemma="diakou%2Fsasa">διακούσασα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fluse">ἀπέλυσε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diabolw%3Dn">διαβολῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fattalon">Ἄτταλον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosauch%2Fsasa">προσαυξήσασα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="filanqrw%2Fpois">φιλανθρώποις</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile:">ἐξαπέστειλε·</w>
7
<w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29phllotri%2Fwto">ἀπηλλοτρίωτο</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diefe%2Freto">διεφέρετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnh">Εὐμένη</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29filopoiei%3Dto">ἐφιλοποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunhu%3Dce">συνηῦξε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fattalon">Ἄτταλον</w>. —
<head>I. Affairs of Italy</head>At this time arrived the envoys from Ariarathes, bringing the "crown" of ten thousand gold pieces, and informing the senate of the king\'s friendly mind towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.
They appealed for this to the testimony of Tiberius, and when the latter confirmed what they said, the senate accepted the crown with many thanks and sent in return the most honourable gifts that they are used to bestow, the sceptre and the ivory chair.
These envoys were let go by the senate at once, before the beginning of winter,
and afterwards when the consuls had already entered on office, Attalus presented himself. When the Galatians sent by Prusias and several other envoys from Asia accused Attalus,
the senate, after giving them all a hearing, not only dismissed the charges, but sent Attalus back loaded with kindnesses.
For the greater their estrangement from Eumenes and their hostility to him, the more did they court the friendship of Attalus and strengthen his power.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
32.1.1 - 32.1.7
<p rend="Plain Text">Ariarathes V's embassy and Attalus at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (160)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt from de legat. gent. belongs to res Italiae of Ol. 155. 1 = 160/59 (see p. 36), and records the arrival at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> of the envoys whose dispatch by Ariarathes was described in xxxi. 32. 3; hence the date is autumn 160 (cf. Steigemann, 49; Metzung, 14–15, makes it 159 because he equates Ol. 155, 1 with 159 rather than with 160/59). Cf. Diod. xxxi. 28.</p>
Specifics
32.1.1 - 32.1.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον</w>:</emph> the phrase indicates that this passage did not open the res Italiae of 160/59. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρ᾽ Ἀριαράθου πρέσβεις</w>:</emph> cf. xxxi. 32. 3. </p>
32.1.2 - 32.1.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold">* * * <w lang="el-GR">καὶ τούτων</w>:</emph> the lacuna, detected by Schulze, Excerpta, 53–54, can be filled in a general way from Diod. xxxi. 28, <w lang="el-GR">διασαφοῦντες τὴν εὔνοιαν τοῦ βασιλέως ἣν ἔχει πρὸς Ῥωμαίους, ἔτι δὲ τὴν δι᾽ ἐκεί?νους γενομένην ἀπόρρησιν τοῦ γάμου καὶ φιλίας πρὸς Δημήτριον</w>. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μάρτυρας . . . τοὺς περὶ τὸν Τεβέριον</w>:</emph> cf. Diod. xxxi. 28 (following the passage quoted in the previous note), <w lang="el-GR">συνεπιμαρτυρούντων δὲ τῶν περὶ τὸν Γράκχον πρεσβευτῶν, ἡ σύγκλητος κτλ</w>. On Gracchus' eastern embassy see xxxi. 15. 9 n., 32. 3 n., 33. 1 n.; it evidently returned to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> in summer 160. </p>
32.1.3 - 32.1.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τόν τε σκίπωνα καὶ τὸν ἐλεφάντινον δίφρον</w>:</emph> both the ivory sella curulis and the sceptre, also of ivory, are among <w lang="el-GR">χαριστήρια τῆς συμμαχίας</w>(cf. App. Lib. 32) bestowed by the Romans on friendly kings; similar gifts included gold and silver vases and cups, the gold crown, toga purpurea, and tunica palmata which, with the sceptre, recall the costume of the triumphator (on which see Versnel, 56 ff.), and the toga praetexta to accompany the sella curulis. Livy (xxvii. 4. 8–10) records the gift of a sella eburnea and toga purpurea to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> and Ptolemy IV in 210; but the embassies mentioned there are of dubious authenticity (cf. Klotz, Livius, 180; and for the one to Ptolemy see ix. 11 a n.). Both sceptre and sella curulis are among gifts bestowed on Masinissa (Livy, xxx. 15. 11, xxxi. 11. 12; cf. App. Lib. 32; Badian, 295 n. M, queries the authenticity of this, however), on Eumenes II (Livy, xlii. 14. 10; Diod. xxix. 34) and, in the early empire, Ptolemy of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Mauretania&groupId=187&placeId=434">Mauretania</a> (Tac. Ann. iv. 26 mentions the sceptre, but both <milestone unit="page" n="518">[518]</milestone> appear on his coins). See Hug, RE, 'Sceptrum', col. 372; Kbler, RE, 'sella curulis', col. 1314; S. Weinstock, JRS, 1957, 148 n. 38; E. Rawson, JRS, 1975, 155 (for the equation between king and triumphator; cf. Dion. Hal. v. 35). </p>
32.1.4 - 32.1.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πρὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος</w>:</emph> perhaps October–November; cf. xxix. 3. 1 n. For the occasional hearing of envoys in late summer or early autumn cf. xxv. 4. 2 n., xxviii. 2. 1 n. </p>
32.1.5 - 32.1.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀττάλου παραγενηθέντος</w>:</emph> cf. xxxi. 32. 1–2. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἤδη τῶν ὑπάτων τὰς ἀρχὰ?ς εἰληφότων</w>:</emph> Cn. Cornelius Cn.f. Cn.n. Dolabella and M. Fulvius M.f. M.n. Nobilior, coss. A.U.C. 595, who took office on the Ides of March, 159. The case against Eumenes was thus heard at the normal time. Pdech, Mthode, 462, argues that id. mart. 159 was therefore before the winter; but P. does not indicate how long elapsed between the dismissal of Ariarathes' envoys and the entry into office of the new consuls. The Cappadocians were heard early so that they might return that autumn, hence no conclusions can be drawn concerning the state of the Roman calendar (cf. Derow, Phoenix, 1973, 355–6). See Briscoe, Hermes, 1977, 249. </p>
32.1.6 - 32.1.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πλειόνων ἑτέρων ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας</w>:</emph> cf. xxx. 30. 4, xxxi. 1. 3. </p>
32.1.7 - 32.1.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">συνηῦξε τὸν Ἄτταλον</w>:</emph> for <w lang="el-GR">συναύξω</w>, 'increase the power of', common in chancery language, see Welles, p. 365. </p>

Commentary