<w lemma="e%29mfro%2Fnws">ἐμφρόνως</w> <w lemma="e%29logi%2Fzeto">ἐλογίζετο</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pragmatikw%3Ds:">πραγματικῶς·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%5Cs">εἰκὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fetai">οἴεται</w> <w lemma="kuriw%2Ftero%2Fn">κυριώτερόν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="strathgi%2Fas">στρατηγίας</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dnai">γνῶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w>, <w lemma="a%29gnoei%3D">ἀγνοεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tetu%2Ffwtai">τετύφωται</w>.
<w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zugo%5Cn">ζυγὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnisma%2Ftwn">ἀγωνισμάτων</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllonta">μέλλοντα</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w> <w lemma="sunqewrei%3Dn">συνθεωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29fike%2Fsqai">ἐφικέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="skopou%3D">σκοποῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="gumno%5Cn">γυμνὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="poi%3Don">ποῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcoplon">ἔξοπλον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnetai">φαίνεται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntagwnistw%3Dn">ἀνταγωνιστῶν</w>,
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtas">προεστῶτας</w> <w lemma="skopei%3Dn">σκοπεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fpou">ὅπου</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sw%2Fmatos">σώματος</w> <w lemma="gumno%2Fn">γυμνόν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="pou%3D">ποῦ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="yuxh%3Ds">ψυχῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29xei%2Frwto%2Fn">εὐχείρωτόν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="parafai%2Fnetai">παραφαίνεται</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w>,
<w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqumi%2Fan">ῥᾳθυμίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmpasan">σύμπασαν</w> <w lemma="a%29rgi%2Fan">ἀργίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="koina%5Cs">κοινὰς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fous">ἰδίους</w> <w lemma="kataproi+%2Fentai">καταπροΐενται</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fous">βίους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frdhn">ἄρδην</w>,
<w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dnon">οἶνον</w> <w lemma="e%29piqumi%2Fan">ἐπιθυμίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pnw%3Dsai">ὑπνῶσαι</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnantai">δύνανται</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29lloiw%2Fsews">ἀλλοιώσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fqhs">μέθης</w>,
<w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29frodisi%2Fwn">ἀφροδισίων</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkplhcin">ἔκπληξιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fous">βίους</w> <w lemma="a%29nasta%2Ftous">ἀναστάτους</w> <w lemma="pepoih%2Fkasin">πεποιήκασιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn">ζῆν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29fh%2F%7Crhntai">ἀφῄρηνται</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxu%2Fnhs">αἰσχύνης</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="deili%2Fa">δειλία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="blakei%2Fa">βλακεία</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="e%29pife%2Frei">ἐπιφέρει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxousi">ἔχουσι</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fna">ἡγεμόνα</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnh">γενομένη</w> <w lemma="koino%2Fn">κοινόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29pra%2Fktous">ἀπράκτους</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28potattome%2Fnous">ὑποταττομένους</w>, <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w> <w lemma="e%29pife%2Frei">ἐπιφέρει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstous">μεγίστους</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pepisteuko%2Fsi">πεπιστευκόσι</w>.
<w lemma="prope%2Fteia%2F">προπέτειά</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qrasu%2Fths">θρασύτης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qumo%5Cs">θυμὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flogos">ἄλογος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kenodoci%2Fa">κενοδοξία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tu%3Dfos">τῦφος</w> <w lemma="eu%29xei%2Frwta">εὐχείρωτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29pisfale%2Fstata">ἐπισφαλέστατα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flois">φίλοις</w>. <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29piboulh%2Fn">ἐπιβουλήν</w>, <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fdran">ἐνέδραν</w>, <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fthn">ἀπάτην</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Ftoimos">ἕτοιμος</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dtos">τοιοῦτος</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnaito">δύναιτο</w> <w lemma="sunnoei%3Dn">συννοεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w> <w lemma="a%28marth%2Fmata">ἁμαρτήματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7Cde%2F">τῇδέ</w> <w lemma="pou">που</w> <w lemma="prosie%2Fnai">προσιέναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fois">ὑπεναντίοις</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="eu%29xei%2Frwtos">εὐχείρωτος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsq%27">ἔσθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="proestw%5Cs">προεστὼς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Fxist%27">τάχιστ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="katakratoi%2Fh">κατακρατοίη</w>. <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="new%5Cs">νεὼς</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29fe%2Flh%7C">ἀφέλῃ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kubernh%2Fthn">κυβερνήτην</w>,
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="au%29tandri%5C">αὐτανδρὶ</w> <w lemma="ska%2Ffos">σκάφος</w> <w lemma="u%28poxei%2Frion">ὑποχείριον</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dta">προεστῶτα</w> [<w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>] <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="xeirw%2Fshtai%2F">χειρώσηταί</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullogismou%2Fs">συλλογισμούς</w>, <w lemma="au%29tandri%5C">αὐτανδρὶ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntitattome%2Fnwn">ἀντιταττομένων</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="proi+do%2Fmenos">προϊδόμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullogisa%2Fmenos">συλλογισάμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="diesfa%2Flh">διεσφάλη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>.
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And all this reasoning on his part was very wise and sound. For there is no denying that he who thinks that there is anything more essential to a general than the knowledge of his opponent's principles and character, is both ignorant and foolish. For as in combats between man and man and rank and rank, he who means to conquer must observe how best to attain his aim, and what naked or unprotected part of the enemy is visible, so he who is in command must try to see in the enemy's general not what part of his body is exposed, but what are the weak spots that can be discovered in his mind. For there are many men who, owing to indolence and general inactivity, bring to utter ruin not only the welfare of the state but their private fortunes as well; while there are many others so fond of wine that they cannot even go to sleep without fuddling themselves with drink; and some, owing to their abandonment to venery and the consequent derangement of their minds, have not only ruined their countries their fortunes but brought their lives to a shameful end. But cowardice and stupidity are vices which, disgraceful as they are in private to those who have them, are when found in a general the greatest of public calamities. For not only do they render his army inefficient but often expose those who confide in him to the greatest perils. Rashness on the other hand on his part and undue boldness and blind anger, as well as vaingloriousness and conceit, are easy to be taken advantage of by his enemy and are most dangerous to his friends; for such a general is the easy victim of all manner of plots, ambushes, and cheatery. Therefore the leader who will soonest gain a decisive victory, is he who is able to perceive the faults of others, and to choose that manner and means of attacking the enemy which will take full advantage of the weaknesses of their commander. For just as a ship if deprived of its pilot will fall with its whole crew into the hands of the enemy, so the general who is his opponent's master in strategy and reasoning may often capture his whole army. And in this case too, as Hannibal had correctly foreseen and reckoned on the conduct of Flaminius, his plan had the success he expected.
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Walbank Commentary