Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 41

1
<w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="ei%29lh%2Ffei">εἰλήφει</w> <w lemma="die%2Fcodon">διέξοδον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2Fan">οἵαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fn">ἔν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="dielhlu%2Fqamen">διεληλύθαμεν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%28toimasa%2Fmenoi">ἑτοιμασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs">ἐπιβολάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpleon">ἐξέπλεον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="w%28rai%2Fan">ὡραίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnas">προκειμένας</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w>, <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%2Fkonta">ἑξήκοντα</w> <w lemma="nausi%2F">ναυσί</w>, <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Asemprw%2Fnios">Σεμπρώνιος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%5Cn">ἑκατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%2Fkonta">ἑξήκοντα</w> <w lemma="ska%2Ffesi">σκάφεσι</w> <w lemma="penthrikoi%3Ds">πεντηρικοῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="kataplhktikw%3Ds">καταπληκτικῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Fleto">ἐπεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%5Cs">παρασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Alilubai%2Fw%7C">Λιλυβαίῳ</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fzwn">ἁθροίζων</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fplou">κατάπλου</w> <w lemma="poliorkh%2Fswn">πολιορκήσων</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="komisqei%5Cs">κομισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aligusti%2Fnhn">Λιγυστίνην</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dke">ἧκε</w> <w lemma="pemptai%3Dos">πεμπταῖος</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Apisw%3Dn">Πισῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassali%2Fan">Μασσαλίαν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqormisqei%5Cs">καθορμισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fma">στόμα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassaliwtiko%5Cn">Μασσαλιωτικὸν</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuo%2Fmenon">προσαγορευόμενον</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29pebi%2Fbaze">ἀπεβίβαζε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fwn">ἀκούων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28perba%2Fllein">ὑπερβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Apurhnai%3Da">Πυρηναῖα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Frh">ὄρη</w>, <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnos">πεπεισμένος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxein">ἀπέχειν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dusxwri%2Fas">δυσχωρίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnwn">κειμένων</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fmasi">χρήμασι</w> <w lemma="pei%2Fsas">πείσας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="biasa%2Fmenos">βιασάμενος</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dke">ἧκε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fnion">Σαρδόνιον</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w>, <w lemma="diasafhqe%2Fntos">διασαφηθέντος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="parei%3Dnai">παρεῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pistw%3Dn">ἀπιστῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxos">τάχος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fas">παρουσίας</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29de%2Fnai">εἰδέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29kri%2Fbeian">ἀκρίβειαν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nela%2Fmbane">ἀνελάμβανε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plou%3D">πλοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dienoei%3Dto">διενοεῖτο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="poi%2Fois">ποίοις</w> <w lemma="xrhste%2Fon">χρηστέον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summikte%2Fon">συμμικτέον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fois:">ὑπεναντίοις·</w>
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<w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrwdesta%2Ftous">ἀνδρωδεστάτους</w>, <w lemma="susth%2Fsas">συστήσας</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqhgemo%2Fnas">καθηγεμόνας</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%2Fs">Κελτούς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Amassaliw%2Ftais">Μασσαλιώταις</w> <w lemma="e%29tu%2Fgxanon">ἐτύγχανον</w> <w lemma="misqoforou%3Dntes">μισθοφοροῦντες</w>.
The condition and course of Celtic affairs from the outset up to the arrival of Hannibal were such as I have narrated here and in the previous Book. The two Roman Consuls, having made all preparations for their respective enterprises, set sail early in summer to take in hand the operations determined on, Publius bound for Iberia with sixty ships and Tiberius Sempronius for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Africa&groupId=300&placeId=294">Africa</a> with a hundred and sixty quinqueremes. With these he threatened such a redoubtable expedition and made such vast preparations at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lilybaeum&groupId=690&placeId=1261">Lilybaeum</a>, collecting all kinds of forces from everywhere, that it seemed as if he expected to sail up to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> and at once lay siege to it. Publius, coasting along <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Liguria&groupId=689&placeId=1259">Liguria</a>, reached the neighbourhood of Marseilles from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pisa&groupId=904&placeId=1625">Pisa</a> in five days, and coming to anchor off the first mouth of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a>, known as the Massaliotic mouth, disembarked his forces there, having heard that Hannibal was already crossing the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pyrenees&groupId=921&placeId=1650">Pyrenees</a>, but convinced that he was still at a distance of many days\' march owing to the difficulty of the country and the numbers of Celtic tribes between them. Hannibal, however, who had bribed some of the Celts and forced others to give him passage, unexpectedly appeared with his army at the crossing of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a>, having marched with the Sardinian Sea on his right. Publius, when the arrival of the enemy was reported to him, being partly incredulous owing to the cupidity of their advance and partly desirous of ascertaining the exact truth — while he himself was refreshing his troops after their voyage and consulting with his Tribunes in what place it would be wisest to offer battle to the enemy — sent out three hundred of his bravest cavalry, giving them as guides and supports certain Celts who were in the service of the Massaliots as mercenaries.