Polybius, Histories

Translation

Book 28 - Chapter 3

<head lang="la">II. Bellum Persicum</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29%3Dlos">Αὖλος</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29ntistra%2Fthgos">ἀντιστράτηγος</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraxeima%2Fzwn">παραχειμάζων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettali%2Fa%7C">Θετταλίᾳ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemye">ἐξέπεμψε</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Apopi%2Flion">Ποπίλιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fion">Γνάιον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29okta%2Fouion:">Ὀκτάουιον·</w>

<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqh%2Fbas">Θήβας</w> <w lemma="e%29lqo%2Fntes">ἐλθόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%2F%7Cnesan">ἐπῄνεσαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flesan">παρεκάλεσαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fous">Θηβαίους</w> <w lemma="diafula%2Fttein">διαφυλάττειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w>.

<w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenoi">ἐπιπορευόμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsw%7C">Πελοποννήσῳ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pideiknu%2Fein">ἐπιδεικνύειν</w> <w lemma="e%29peirw%3Dnto">ἐπειρῶντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthta">πρᾳότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fan">φιλανθρωπίαν</w>, <w lemma="profero%2Fmenoi">προφερόμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fgmata">δόγματα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="mikrw%3D%7C">μικρῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%2Fnta">ῥηθέντα</w>,

<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w> <w lemma="parene%2Ffainon">παρενέφαινον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29do%2Ftes">εἰδότες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstais">ἑκάσταις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrou%3Dntas">ἀναχωροῦντας</w>, <w lemma="w%28sau%2Ftws">ὡσαύτως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="propi%2Fptontas">προπίπτοντας</w>.

<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dloi">δῆλοι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="dusarestou%2Fmenoi">δυσαρεστούμενοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrou%3Dsin">ἀναχωροῦσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dtton">ἧττον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29kfanw%3Ds">ἐκφανῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fttousin">ἀντιπράττουσιν</w>.

<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diapo%2Frhsin">διαπόρησιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dgon">ἦγον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgontes">λέγοντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttontes">πράττοντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29stoxoi%3Den">εὐστοχοῖεν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="parestw%2Ftwn">παρεστώτων</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w>.

<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w>, <w lemma="sunaxqei%2Fshs">συναχθείσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fas">ἐκκλησίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29le%2Fgonto">ἐλέγοντο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="bebouleu%3Dsqai">βεβουλεῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="kathgorh%2Fsein">κατηγορήσειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aluko%2Frtan">Λυκόρταν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Farxwna">Ἄρχωνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apolu%2Fbion">Πολύβιον</w>,

<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paradei%2Fcein">παραδείξειν</w> <w lemma="a%29llotri%2Fous">ἀλλοτρίους</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontas">ὑπάρχοντας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w>. <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgontas">ἄγοντας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fn">παρόν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsei">φύσει</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftous">τοιούτους</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="parathrou%3Dntas">παρατηροῦντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonta">συμβαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fontas">ἐφεδρεύοντας</w>.

<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frrhsan">ἐθάρρησαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dsai">ποιῆσαι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhdemi%2Fan">μηδεμίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Flogon">εὔλογον</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5Cn">ἀφορμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>.

<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="sunaxqei%2Fshs">συναχθείσης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="boulh%3Ds">βουλῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgion">Αἴγιον</w>, <w lemma="a%29spastikh%2Fn">ἀσπαστικήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraklhtikh%5Cn">παρακλητικὴν</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnteucin">ἔντευξιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fpleusan">ἀπέπλευσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fan">Αἰτωλίαν</w>.

<head>II. The War with Perseus</head><head>Action of the Romans in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a>, Aetolia, and Acarnania</head>Aulus Hostilius Mancinus the proconsul, who was at the time wintering in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a>, sent as legates to Greece Gaius Popilius and Gnaeus Octavius.

They first came to Thebes, where they thanked the Thebans and urged them to maintain their loyalty to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.

After this, visiting the Peloponnesian cities, they attempted to convince the inhabitants of the leniency and kindness of the senate, quoting the recent decrees;

and they also indicated in their speeches that they knew who were those in each city who withdrew from taking part in public affairs, as well as who were the active and zealous men.

It was evident to all that they were just as much displeased with the former

as with their open opponents; and in consequence they created a general state of anxiety and doubt as to how one ought to act or to speak so as to make oneself agreeable under present circumstances.

It was said that, upon the Achaean Assembly meeting, Popilius and his colleague had decided to accuse Lycortas, Archon, and Polybius before it and prove that they were the opponents of the Roman party and were keeping quiet at present, not because they were naturally disposed to do so, but because they were watching the progress of events and waiting for a favourable opportunity to act.

They did not, however, venture to do so, as they had no plausible pretext for attacking the above statesmen.so that when the Achaean senate met at Aegium they addressed a few words of cordial greeting to them and took ship for Aetolia.

Walbank Commentary

Overview

28.3.1 - 28.5.6

Roman envoys visit <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a>, Aetolia, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Acarnania&groupId=270&placeId=527">Acarnania</a> This excerpt from de legat. Rom. forms part of res Graeciae et Macedoniae of Ol. 152, 3 = 170/69 (see p. 26); it corresponds to Livy, xliii. 17. 2–6, which opens Licy's Polybian account of the Third Macedonian War for what is nominally A.U.C. 585 = 169, though in fact down to the end of the book he describes only the events of autumn/winter 170/69 (leaving those of the campaigning season of 169 for Livy, xliv. 1–13). These two sections of Livy together cover P.'s narrative of the war with Perseus for Ol. 152, 3.

Specifics

28.3.1 - 28.3.1

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Αὖλος . . . ἀντιστράτηγος ὢν</w>:</emph> A. Hostilius Mancinus, cos. 170(cf. xxvii. 16. 2 n.). <w lang="el-GR">ἀντιστράτηγος</w>?, though often propraetor (cf. xv. 4. 1), is here proconsul (cf. iii. 106. 2); in 5. 6 P. uses the commoner word <w lang="el-GR">ἀνθύπατος</w>, and Livy, xliii. 17. 10, translates that passage 'Larisam ad Hostilium proconsulemab eo enim missi erant legati redierunt.' De Sanctis, iv. 1. 399–400, following Niese, iii. 138–9 n. 5, regards <w lang="el-GR">ἀντιστράτηγος</w> as an excerptor's word (Niese thinks <w lang="el-GR">ἀνθύπατος</w> in 5. 6 is also from the excerptor, but the Livian version excludes that); but where, other than from P., would the excerptor learn of Hostilius' rank?and if reading ahead he found him referred to as <w lang="el-GR">ἀνθύπατος</w>, it is likely that he would himself have used that word. The probability is that <w lang="el-GR">ἀντιστράτηγος</w> stood in P., and that P. called Hostilius proconsul knowing that at some time during the winter his status changed, and not caring very much when the Ides of March fell. Similarly in 189/8 P. describes the arrival of Greek embassies in Asia <w lang="el-GR">Γναΐου τοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατηγοῦ παραχειμάζοντος ἐν ᾿Εφέσῳ</w> (xxi. 41. 1), and Livy, xxxviii. 37. 1, renders: 'ad Cn. Manlium consulem primum, dein pro consule hibernantem in Asia'; such distinctions mattered more to Livy. In fact P. was probably wrong. An Argive inscription honouring Cn. Octavius describes him as <w lang="el-GR">ἀποσταλεὶς δὲ καὶ πρεσβεντὰς [μετὰ] Γα[ΐ]ου ὑπὸ [Α] ὒλου τοῦ ὑπάτου στραταγοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων [ἥκει] τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς παρακαλῶν διαφυλάσσειν τάν τε φιλία[ν καὶ] συμμαχίαν τὰν ποτὶ Ῥωμαὶους</w> (P. Charneux, BCH, 1957, 181–202 = SEG, xvi. 255 = Moretti, no. 42). The embassy is the one mentioned here, and the designation of Hostilius as consul is likely to be correct. It follows that no conclusions are to be drawn from P.'s description of him as proconsul concerning the extent to which the Roman calendar was in advance of the Julian calendar at this time (as by Oost, CP, 1953, 219–20); in fact the Ides of March 169 probably fell on 22 December 170 (above 1. 1–9 n.). See Meloni, Perseo, 271 n. 1; and, for the Greek use of <w lang="el-GR">ἀνθύπατος</w> and <w lang="el-GR">ἀντιστράτηγος</w>?, Mason, 21–22, 105–7 (who however has missed P.'s use of the latter word to render 'proconsul'). <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν ῾Ελλά?δα τόπους</w>?:</emph> 'to the various parts of Greece'; <milestone unit="page" n="329">[329]</milestone> cf. Livy, xliii. 17. 2, 'qui in Graeciam missi erant' (which gives a false impression that they were sent from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>). <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Γάιον Ποπίλιον καὶ Γνάιον Ὀκταούιον</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xliii. 17. 2. C. Popillius Laenas, cos. 172 (when two plebeians first held the office), uir asper ingenio (Livy, xlv. 10. 8), led the embassy which presented the famous ultimatum to Antiochus IV (xxix. 2. 1–4, 27. 1–8), and expelled the Syrian forces from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> (xxix. 27. 9–13); he was consul again in 158 (cf. Volkmann, RE, 'Popillius (18)', cols. 57–58). Cn. Octavius had been curule aedile in 172, when Popillius was consul; as praetor he commanded an Aegean fleet in 168, and was consul in 165 (which may be the year in which, on 4 May, a senatus consultum on Delphic immunity was passed: cf. Holleaux, tudes, v. 282–3 = Sherk, 1). An inscription from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Echinus&groupId=553&placeId=1036">Echinus</a> records a dedication to him as <w lang="el-GR">στρατηγὸν ναυτικοῦ Ῥωμαίων (Ἀρχ. δελτ</w>. 1967, Chron. 247 = SEG, xxv. 642; cf. J. and L. Robert, Bull. pig. 1969, no. 329); and he received the surrender of Perseus and his family at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Samothrace&groupId=945&placeId=1681">Samothrace</a> (Livy, xlv. 5. 1–6. 10), and kept command of his fleet through 167. For other inscriptions referring to him see Syll. 650 (from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Olympia&groupId=809&placeId=1462">Olympia</a>), and that mentioned in the last note but one. Octavius triumphed in 167 (Livy, xlv. 42. 2) and built the Porticus Octavia at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, later restored by Augustus (RG, 19. 1). In 163 he led a mission to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syria&groupId=995&placeId=502">Syria</a> to destroy the fleet and hamstring the elephants (xxxi. 2. 9–14) and was murdered at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Laodiceia&groupId=664&placeId=1214">Laodiceia</a> in 162 (cf. xxxi. 11. 1, 12. 4). See Mnzer, RE, 'Octavius (17)', cols. 1810–14.

28.3.2 - 28.3.2

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐπῄνεσαν</w>c<w lang="el-GR">τοὺς Θηβαίους</w>:</emph> for loyalty to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (xxvii. 5. 6 n.). <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρεκάλεσαν</w>c<w lang="el-GR">διαφυλάττειν τὴν</w>c<w lang="el-GR">εὒνοιαν</w>:</emph> compare the wording of the Argive inscription in honour of Octavius (§ 1 n.).

28.3.3 - 28.3.3

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰ δόγματα τὰ μικρῷ πρότερον ῥηθέντα</w>:</emph> cf. 16. 2; Livy, xliii. 17. 2, 'senatus consultum Thebis primum recitatum per omnes Peloponnesi urbes circumtulerunt, ne quis ullam rem in bellum magistratibus Romanis conferret, praeterquam quod senatus censuisset'; M. I. Henderson, JRS, 1957, 84 n. 26, claimed that magistratus has a wide sense, but Livy may be merely paraphrasing <w lang="el-GR">στρατηγός</w>, the word found here and in 16. 2. The measure was designed to protect the Greeks against unauthorized exactments (cf. Meloni, Perseo, 270–1), and also, perhaps (cf. Errington, 174 n. 1), to maintain the Senate's control over foreign affairs. P. probably mentioned it earlierperhaps in res Italiaeand Livy introduced it here to clarify the context (Nissen, KU, 258). For the adducing of it in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a> to counter Centho's demand for troops see 13. 11.

28.3.4 - 28.3.4

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς . . . παρὰ τό δέον ἀναχωροῦντας</w>:</emph> 'those who were hanging back more than they ought' (misunderstood by Paton). <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς προπίπτοντας</w>:</emph> so Schweighaeuser for the manuscript <w lang="el-GR">προσπίπτοντας</w>, 'those who were rushing forward to help'. <w lang="el-GR">προπίπτειν</w> always carries a suggestion of rashness (cf. Welles, p. 358); and here the <milestone unit="page" n="330">[330]</milestone> men referred to are those described in 6. 6 as <w lang="el-GR">τοὺς</w>c <w lang="el-GR">ὑπερκυβιστῶντας καὶ διὰ τῶν κοινῶν πραγμάτων ἰδίαν χάριν ἀποτιθεμένους παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις κτλ</w>., in short, extremists like Callicrates. The hangers-back are those whom P. regards as the moderates (see xxvii. 15. 12 n., quoting the Polybian analysis in Livy, xlii. 30. 1–7).

28.3.5 - 28.3.5

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οὐχ ἧττον ἢ τοῖς ἐκφανῶς ἀντιπράττουσιν</w>:</emph> thus, P. suggests, the Roman attitude was designed to polarize sympathies. For the conclusions drawn by Cephalus' party in Epirus see xxvii. 15. 14–16 and, for the different ones drawn by Archon and P. in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a>, 6. 7–8; cf. Deininger, 177–8.

28.3.7 - 28.3.7

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">συναχθείσης τῆς τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐκκλησίας</w>:</emph> this clause is probably part of the rumour, i.e. 'it was said that Popillius and his colleagues intended, upon an assembly having been summoned, to accuse etc.' The syncletos was not mentioned by the Romans; but instead the Council was called to Aegium to receive their message (§ 10), which made no mention of Lycortas and the others. See Larsen, 88, 94; GFS, 469; Errington, 209; Giovannini, Mus. Helv. 1969, 14 n. 76; Deininger, 178; earlier scholars saw an insoluble contradiction (cf. Aymard, ACA, 77 n. 6) or attributed the word <w lang="el-GR">βουλή</w> to the excerptor (Niccolini, 220). <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Λυκόρταν</w>c <w lang="el-GR">Ἂρχωνα</w>c <w lang="el-GR">Πολύβιον</w></emph> : cf. ii. 40. 2 n. (Lycortas), xxii. 19. 1 n. (Archon); for P.'s earlier public career see xxiv. 6. 5 n.

28.3.10 - 28.3.10

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">συναχθείσης αὐτοῖς τῆς βουλῆς εἰς Αἴγιον</w>:</emph> the federal Council was summoned specially to meet them <w lang="el-GR">(αὐτοῖς)</w>; on the Council see ii. 37. 10–11 n. (e) (where, however, statements that the Boule alone took part in second-century synodoi are incorrect: see Appendix to book xxix, pp. 406–14). See Larsen, 216 n. 18. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀσπαστικήν τε καὶ παρακλητικὴν</w>c <w lang="el-GR">ἒντευξιν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xliii. 17. 4, 'Achaico concilio Aegi iis dato benigne locuti auditique, egregia spe futuri status fidissima gente relicta, in Aetoliam traiecerunt.' Thus the suspicions (omitted by Livy) remain in the realm of surmise; cf. De Sanctis, iv. 1. 300 n. 174.

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