Polybius, Histories

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Book 24 - Chapter 9

1
<w lemma="nouqetei%3Dn">νουθετεῖν</w>. <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fous">αἰτίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="peiqarxei%3Dn">πειθαρχεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="parakou%2Fein">παρακούειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnwn">γραφομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paraggellome%2Fnwn">παραγγελλομένων</w>.
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<w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29sw%3Dn">οὐσῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsewn">αἱρέσεων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsais">πάσαις</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="dhmokratikai%3Ds">δημοκρατικαῖς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fais">πολιτείαις</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fasko%2Fntwn">φασκόντων</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29kolouqei%3Dn">ἀκολουθεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnois">γραφομένοις</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flhn">στήλην</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllo">ἄλλο</w> <w lemma="mhqe%5Cn">μηθὲν</w> <w lemma="prourgiai%2Fteron">προυργιαίτερον</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzein">νομίζειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w>,
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="proferome%2Fnwn">προφερομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkous">ὅρκους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parakalou%2Fntwn">παρακαλούντων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cdi%2Fws">ῥᾳδίως</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="parabai%2Fnein">παραβαίνειν</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29xai+kwte%2Fran">ἀχαϊκωτέραν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fqesin">ὑπόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nikhtikwte%2Fran">νικητικωτέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ai%28roume%2Fnois">αἱρουμένοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="a%29doci%2Fan">ἀδοξίαν</w> <w lemma="sunecakolouqei%3Dn">συνεξακολουθεῖν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlois">ὄχλοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diabolh%2Fn">διαβολήν</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fttousin">ἀντιπράττουσιν</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnhtai%2F">γίνηταί</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29pishmasi%2Fa">ἐπισημασία</w>, <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="politeuome%2Fnous">πολιτευομένους</w> <w lemma="metaqe%2Fsqai">μεταθέσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresin">αἵρεσιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pakolouqh%2Fsein">ἐπακολουθήσειν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parora%3Dtai">παρορᾶται</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="a%29poneu%2Fsein">ἀπονεύσειν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnhn">ἐκείνην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fqesin:">ὑπόθεσιν·</w> <w lemma="e%29ndocote%2Fran">ἐνδοξοτέραν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kalli%2Fw">καλλίω</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlois">ὄχλοις</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29qe%5Cn">οὐθὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="prosferome%2Fnous">προσφερομένους</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaion">δίκαιον</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="filodoci%2Fan">φιλοδοξίαν</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstwn">μεγίστων</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnein">τυγχάνειν</w> <w lemma="timw%3Dn">τιμῶν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="politeu%2Fmasin">πολιτεύμασιν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntile%2Fgein">ἀντιλέγειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28mw%3Dn">ὑμῶν</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnois">γραφομένοις</w>, <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="diame%2Fnein">διαμένειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="i%29sxurou%5Cs">ἰσχυροὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fgmata">δόγματα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmena">γινόμενα</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29diafo%2Frws">ἀδιαφόρως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxousin">ἔχουσιν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="peiqarxei%3Dn">πειθαρχεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunupakou%2Fein">συνυπακούειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnois">γραφομένοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ke%2Fleue">ἐκέλευε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%2Fn">ἀγωγήν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgousin:">ἄγουσιν·</w>
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="bou%2Flontai">βούλονται</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="paraggello%2Fmena">παραγγελλόμενα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhqe%2Fna">μηθένα</w> <w lemma="katafronei%3Dn">καταφρονεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnwn">γραφομένων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pistrofh%5Cn">ἐπιστροφὴν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ndexome%2Fnhn">ἐνδεχομένην</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%2F">μή</w>, <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29de%2Fnai">εἰδέναι</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="sumbh%2Fsetai">συμβήσεται</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pinoi%2Fais">ἐπινοίαις</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn:">αὐτῶν·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w>.
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<w lemma="prw%2F%7Chn">πρῴην</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshniakoi%3Ds">Μεσσηνιακοῖς</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsantos">ποιήσαντος</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi+%2Fntou">Κοΐντου</w> <w lemma="%2Amarki%2Fou">Μαρκίου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fsasqai">βουλεύσασθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fwn">Μεσσηνίων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fneu">ἄνευ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w>,
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<w lemma="parakou%2Fsantas">παρακούσαντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yhfisame%2Fnous">ψηφισαμένους</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="katafqei%3Drai">καταφθεῖραι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftous">ἐπιφανεστάτους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politw%3Dn">πολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fugadeu%3Dsai">φυγαδεῦσαι</w>, <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kdo%2Ftous">ἐκδότους</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntas">λαβόντας</w> <w lemma="ai%29kisame%2Fnous">αἰκισαμένους</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ki%2Fan">αἰκίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29poktei%3Dnai">ἀποκτεῖναι</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="proekalou%3Dnto">προεκαλοῦντο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtoume%2Fnwn">ἀμφισβητουμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>.
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<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fonos">πλείονος</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="grafo%2Fntwn">γραφόντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Fdou">καθόδου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedai%2Fmonos">Λακεδαίμονος</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdwn">φυγάδων</w>, <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxein">ἀπέχειν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="peiqarxei%3Dn">πειθαρχεῖν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flhn">στήλην</w> <w lemma="teqei%3Dsqai">τεθεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pepoih%3Dsqai">πεποιῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fxontas">κατέχοντας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkous">ὅρκους</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpote">μηδέποτε</w> <w lemma="kateleu%2Fsesqai">κατελεύσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdas">φυγάδας</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="ble%2Fpontas">βλέποντας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Fou">ἠξίου</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fnoian">πρόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w>.
For he said that it was the fault of the Romans themselves that the Greeks, instead of complying with their wishes, disobeyed their communications and orders.
There were, he said, two parties at present in all democratic states, one of which maintained that the written requests of the Romans should be executed, and that neither laws, inscribed agreements, nor anything else should take precedence of the wishes of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, while the other appealed to laws, sworn treaties, and inscriptions, and implored the people not to violate these lightly;
and this latter view, he said, was much more popular in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a> and carried the day with the multitude,
the consequence being that the partisans of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> were constantly exposed to the contempt and slander of the mob, while it was the reverse with their opponents.
If the senate now gave some token of their disapproval the political leaders would soon go over to the side of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and the populace would follow them out of fear.
But in the event of the senate neglecting to do so, every one would change and adopt the other attitude, which in the eyes of the mob was more dignified and honourable.
"Even now," he said, "certain persons, who have no other claim to distinction, have received the highest honours in their several states simply for the reason that they are thought to oppose your injunctions for the sake of maintaining the force of their laws and decrees.
If, then, it is a matter of indifference to you whether or not the Greeks obey you and comply with your instructions, continue to act as you do now; but if you wish your orders to be executed and none to treat your communications with contempt, you should give all possible attention to this matter. For you may be quite sure that, if you do not, just the opposite will happen to what you contemplate, as has already been the case. For when quite lately in the Messenian difficulty Quintus Marcius did his best to ensure that the Achaeans should take no steps regarding Messene without the initiative of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, they paid no attention to him; but, after voting for war on their own accord, not only most unjustly devastated the whole of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a>, but sent into exile some of its most distinguished citizens; and, when others were delivered up to them, put them to death after inflicting every variety of torture on them, just because they had appealed to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> to judge the dispute.
And now for some time while you have been writing to them about the return of the Spartan exiles, they are so far from complying that a solemn inscribed agreement has been made with the party that holds <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> and oaths taken that the exiles shall never be allowed to return." So he begged them in view of all this to take precautions for the future.