Polybius, Histories
Layout
Translation

Bibliography

(0)
No bibliography content available

Archaeology

Places

Book 24 - Chapter 14

1
<head lang="la">III. Res Asiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="%2Afarna%2Fkhs">Φαρνάκης</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%2Fs">βασιλεύς</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrh%2Fsas">ὀλιγωρήσας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gegenhme%2Fnhs">γεγενημένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="a%29nafora%3Ds">ἀναφορᾶς</w>, <w lemma="%2Alew%2Fkriton">Λεώκριτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dna">χειμῶνα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fwn">μυρίων</w> <w lemma="stratiwtw%3Dn">στρατιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="porqh%2Fsonta">πορθήσοντα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalati%2Fan">Γαλατίαν</w>,
2
<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29arinh%3Ds">ἐαρινῆς</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fras">ὥρας</w> <w lemma="u%28pofainou%2Fshs">ὑποφαινούσης</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fqroize">ἥθροιζε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29mbalw%3Dn">ἐμβαλῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akappadoki%2Fan">Καππαδοκίαν</w>.
3
<w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="punqano%2Fmenos">πυνθανόμενος</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnhs">Εὐμένης</w> <w lemma="dusxerw%3Ds">δυσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffere">ἔφερε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%3Dnon">συμβαῖνον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstews">πίστεως</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frous">ὅρους</w> <w lemma="u%28perbai%2Fnein">ὑπερβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afarna%2Fkhn">Φαρνάκην</w>, <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fzeto">ἠναγκάζετο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>.
4
<w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="sunhqroiko%2Ftos">συνηθροικότος</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Fpleusan">κατέπλευσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fattalon">Ἄτταλον</w>.
5
<w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinologhqe%2Fntes">κοινολογηθέντες</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fzeucan">ἀνέζευξαν</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratia%3Ds">στρατιᾶς</w>.
6
<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenoi">ἀφικόμενοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalati%2Fan">Γαλατίαν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Alew%2Fkriton">Λεώκριτον</w> <w lemma="ou%29ke%2Fti">οὐκέτι</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flabon:">κατέλαβον·</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akassigna%2Ftou">Κασσιγνάτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Agaizato%2Frigos">Γαιζατόριγος</w> <w lemma="diapempome%2Fnwn">διαπεμπομένων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2Ftines">οἵτινες</w> <w lemma="e%29tu%2Fgxanon">ἐτύγχανον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftei">ἔτει</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="h%28%7Crhme%2Fnoi">ᾑρημένοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Afarna%2Fkou">Φαρνάκου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pisxnoume%2Fnwn">ὑπισχνουμένων</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsein">ποιήσειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prostatto%2Fmenon">προσταττόμενον</w>,
7
<w lemma="a%29peipa%2Fmenoi">ἀπειπάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="progegenhme%2Fnhn">προγεγενημένην</w> <w lemma="a%29qesi%2Fan">ἀθεσίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29ca%2Frantes">ἐξάραντες</w> <w lemma="panti%5C">παντὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="strateu%2Fmati">στρατεύματι</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dgon">προῆγον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afarna%2Fkhn">Φαρνάκην</w>.
8
<w lemma="parageno%2Fmenoi">παραγενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Akalpi%2Ftou">Καλπίτου</w> <w lemma="pemptai%3Doi">πεμπταῖοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Falun">Ἅλυν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28ktai%3Doi">ἑκταῖοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fzeucan">ἀνέζευξαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aparnasso%2Fn">Παρνασσόν</w>.
9
<w lemma="e%29%2Fnqa">ἔνθα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ariara%2Fqhs">Ἀριαράθης</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akappadokw%3Dn">Καππαδοκῶν</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fmicen">συνέμιξεν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fas">οἰκείας</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareish%3Dlqon">παρεισῆλθον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amwkisse%2Fwn">Μωκισσέων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>.
10
<w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katestratopedeuko%2Ftwn">κατεστρατοπεδευκότων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fpese">προσέπεσε</w> <w lemma="paragene%2Fsqai">παραγενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fseis">διαλύσεις</w>.
11
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsas">ἀκούσας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnhs">Εὐμένης</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fattalon">Ἄτταλον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29kdeco%2Fmenon">ἐκδεξόμενον</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29diplasi%2Faze">ἐδιπλασίαζε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dieko%2Fsmei">διεκόσμει</w> <w lemma="filoti%2Fmws">φιλοτίμως</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%28rmozo%2Fmenos">ἁρμοζόμενος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqina%5Cs">ἀληθινὰς</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29ndei%2Fknusqai">ἐνδείκνυσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="dunato%2Fs">δυνατός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afarna%2Fkhn">Φαρνάκην</w> <w lemma="a%29mu%2Fnasqai">ἀμύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w>
<head>V. Affairs of Asia</head><head>War between Eumenes and Pharnaces</head>In Asia king Pharnaces, again defying the terms of the Roman verdict, sent Leocritus in the winter with ten thousand troops to lay <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Galatia&groupId=596&placeId=385">Galatia</a> waste,
and himself, when spring began to set in, collected his forces with the object of invading <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cappadocia&groupId=435&placeId=343">Cappadocia</a>.
Eumenes, on learning of this, was highly incensed, as Pharnaces was violating all the terms of their treaty, but he was forced to do the same thing himself.
When he had already collected his troops, Attalus and his brother returned from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.
After meeting and conversing the brothers at once left with their army.
On arriving in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Galatia&groupId=596&placeId=385">Galatia</a> they found that Leocritus was no longer there, but Cassignatus and Gaezatorix, who a year previously had taken the part of Pharnaces, sent to them asking for protection, and promising to submit to all their orders.
Rejecting these overtures owing to the previous infidelity of these chiefs, they left with their whole army and advanced to meet Pharnaces.
From Calpitus (?) they reached the Halys in four days, and next day left for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parnassus&groupId=844&placeId=1523">Parnassus</a>, where Ariarathes, the king of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cappadocia&groupId=435&placeId=343">Cappadocia</a>, joined them with his own forces, upon which they advanced to the territory of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Mocissus&groupId=773&placeId=1400">Mocissus</a>.
Just after they had encamped there the news reached them that the legates from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> had arrived to arrange a peace.
On hearing this King Eumenes sent off Attalus to receive them, but himself doubled his forces and energetically drilled them; both for the purpose of meeting actual exigencies and to show the Romans that he was capable without any assistance of defending himself against Pharnaces and overcoming him.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
24.14.1 - 24.15.13
<p rend="Plain Text">Pharnaces reopens the war against Eumenes; failure of the Roman envoys to achieve a settlement (180)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt from de legat. Rom. belongs to res Asiae of Ol. 149, 4 = 181/0; see p. 19. On the war between Pharnaces and Eumenes see 1. 1–3, 5. 1; it had broken out in 183 after Pharnaces' seizure of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sinope&groupId=978&placeId=1730">Sinope</a> (xxiii. 9. 1–3) and a truce was made in 181 (5. 1 n.).</p>
24.14.8 - 24.14.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> Eumenes' route against Pharnaces. This is uncertain. Kalpiton (or <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Kalpitos&groupId=423&placeId=783">Kalpitos</a>), the starting-point, is unknown, unless it is the Kalpinon mentioned as near Sykeon in Vita S. Theod. 34 (in <w lang="el-GR">Μνημεῖα ἁγιολογικά</w>, ed. Th. Ioannes, 1884) (so Ruge, RE, 'Kalpiton' and 'Kalpinon', col. 1761); Sykeon has been located at Eskiehir, a site about a mile north of Sariyar on the Alada Su, just above its junction with the Sangarius (Sakarya). This, however, is over 150 miles and so rather more than 5 days' march (if that is the meaning of <w lang="el-GR">πεμπταῖοι)</w> from the Halys, via Ancyra. On this see J. G. C. Anderson, JHS, 1899, 65 with Plate IV, who (ibid. 107–9) identifies <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parnassus&groupId=844&placeId=1523">Parnassus</a> with Parlassan, a village about 6 miles west of the Halys, between it and Lake Tatta (Tuz Göl); it is c. 82 miles south-east of Ancyra on the ancient road to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Caesarea&groupId=23&placeId=111">Caesarea</a>–Mazaca. P. implies, but does not say, that Eumenes crossed the Halys; but if <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parnassus&groupId=844&placeId=1523">Parnassus</a> is at Parlassan (and this fits the itineraries), it looks as if having reached the Halys east of Ancyra Eumenes turned south to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parnassus&groupId=844&placeId=1523">Parnassus</a> to meet Ariarathes, evidently by arrangement. Since, however, Eumenes' route from his kingdom is unknown, and the evidence for the location of Kalpiton is tenuous, this spot may be nearer to the Halys than Sariyar, and he may have struck it at a point nearer to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parnassus&groupId=844&placeId=1523">Parnassus</a>; Ariarathes will have marched down the left bank of the Halys to meet him there. The next advance <w lang="el-GR">εἰς τὴν Μωκισσέων χώραν</w> rests on a conjecture: the manuscripts read <w lang="el-GR">κάμησην</w> (Z), or <w lang="el-GR">κάμισιν</w> (VN). Mokisos is near the Halys, south-west of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Caesarea&groupId=23&placeId=111">Caesarea</a>–Mazaca, and Ramsay, Asia Minor, 75, 220 f., locates it at Kirehir (cf. Procop. de aed. v. 4. 15; Ruge, RE, 'Moki(s)sos', cols. 2514–15); but, whatever the source, P. or his excerptor is giving a condensed account, and it need not be supposed that Eumenes reached '<w lang="el-GR">κάμησην</w> from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parnassus&groupId=844&placeId=1523">Parnassus</a> in a day. Palaeographically, the easiest correction is to <w lang="el-GR">Καμισηνήν</w> or <w lang="el-GR">Καμισηνῶν</w> (de Boor). Camisene is the area round Camisa on the right bank of the upper Halys in Pontic <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cappadocia&groupId=435&placeId=343">Cappadocia</a> (cf. Strabo, xii. 3. 12, C. 546, 3. 38, C. 560), and if this is indicated, Eumenes and Ariarathes were well inside Pontic territory and naturally resented the Roman demand for withdrawal (15. 4). Hansen <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> 103 n. 105, rejects this interpretation because <milestone unit="page" n="268">[268]</milestone> 'Eumenes would choose the shortest route into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pontus&groupId=910&placeId=1634">Pontus</a>'; but we do not know where Pharnaces' forces were. </p>
Specifics
24.14.1 - 24.14.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πάλιν ὀλιγωρήσας τῆς . . . ἀναφορᾶς</w>:</emph> 'again treating the reference of the matter to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> with contempt'. The Romans had responded to appeals in 183 (xxiii. 9. 1) and 182 (1. 3) by sending legati to investigate; then in 181 Eumenes' brothers visited <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and the Senate promised further legati 'to put an end to the war' (5. 1–8). P. here refers to the last of these initiatives. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Λεώκριτον</w>:</emph> cf. Diod. xxix. 23 (based on P.). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ χειμῶνα</w>:</emph> 'in winter'; the phrase indicates the later part of the season, January–February (cf. xvi. 24. 1 n.; Pdech, Mthode, 462–4). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πορθήσοντα τὴν Γαλατίαν</w>:</emph> probably, though not certainly, in Eumenes' possession (cf. iii. 3. 6 n., xxii. 21. 1 n.). </p>
24.14.2 - 24.14.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς ἐαρινῆς ὥρας</w>?:</emph> probably March–April (Pdech, Mthode, 464); cf. xiv. 2. 1 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὡς ἐμβαλῶν εἰς τὴν Καππαδοκίαν</w>:</emph> Ariarathes was allied to Eumenes (cf. xxi. 45 n., xxiii. 9. 3 n.). </p>
24.14.3 - 24.14.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς τῆς πίστεως ὅρους</w>:</emph> 'all the bounds of good faith'; the reference is to the previous year's truce (5. 1 n.) but Paton's translation, 'was violating all the terms of their treaty', is too specific. </p>
24.14.4 - 24.14.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατέπλευσαν . . . οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἄτταλον</w>:</emph> cf. 5. 1–8. </p>
24.14.6 - 24.14.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Κασσιγνάτου καὶ . . . Γαιζατόριγος</w>:</emph> Cassignatus (the manuscript <w lang="el-GR">Καρσιγνάτου</w> was corrected by Sthelin, 64 n. 6) is probably the commander of two alae of Eumenes' Galatian horse who was killed at Callicinus in 171 (Livy, xlii. 57. 7, 57. 9) (cf. Mnzer, RE, 'Cassignatus', col. 1670). Gaezatorix (the manuscript <w lang="el-GR">Γαιζατόριος</w> was corrected by Zeuss; cf. Sthelin, 64 n. 6) has been identified with the Gaezatorix who gave his name to an area in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Paphlagonia&groupId=842&placeId=457">Paphlagonia</a> (Strabo, <milestone unit="page" n="267">[267]</milestone> xii. 3. 41, C. 562, <w lang="el-GR">ἡ Γεζατόριγος)</w>. Unger (Phil. 1896, 251–2) doubts this, since the Galatian chieftain mentioned here is unlikely to have been a Paphlagonian dynast; but he could have seized the land in a raid and held it long enough to impress his name upon it. See Schoch, RE, Suppl.-B. iv, 'Kassignatos', cols. 878–9; Mnzer, RE, 'Cassignatus', col. 1670. This passage shows that Pharnaces had previously used Galatian troops (cf. xxiii. 9. 3 n.). </p>
24.14.7 - 24.14.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀπειπάμενοι . . . διὰ τὴν . . . ἀθεσίαν</w>:</emph> cf. ii. 32. 8 n.; but if Cassignatus was the man who fell at Callinicus, he must have made his peace with Eumenes. </p>
24.14.9 - 24.14.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">καὶ</w></emph> 〈 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρεισ</w></emph> 〉 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ῆλθον κτλ</w>.:</emph> so Bttner-Wobst; Castiglioni, 229, suggests 〈<w lang="el-GR">κατ</w>〉<w lang="el-GR">ῆλθον</w>: but the hiatus may be due to compression by the excerptor. </p>
24.14.10 - 24.14.10
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς . . . πρεσβευτάς</w>:</emph> cf. 5. 8. </p>
24.14.11 - 24.14.11
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐδιπλασίαζε</w>:</emph> evidently with forces from Pergamum; on Eumenes' military effort at this time see Griffith, 176. </p>

Commentary