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Book 22 - Chapter 16

1
<head lang="la">D. Olymp. 148, 3. Res Aegypti</head><w lemma="basilέa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="q̣ẹẉṇ">θ̣ε̣ω̣ν̣</w> <w lemma="ạịṃạ">α̣ι̣μ̣α̣</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="lέgontes">λέγοντες</w> <w lemma="kataxrώmenoi">καταχρώμενοι</w>() <w lemma="ṭẹục̣ẹs1̣q̣ạị">τ̣ε̣υ̣ξ̣ε̣σ̣θ̣α̣ι̣</w> | <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="e%29lέous">ἐλέους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sug">συγ</w>- <w lemma="gnώmhs">γνώμης</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%7C">τῳ</w> .<w lemma="sasqai">σασθαι</w>.......................| <w lemma="ṭọṇ">τ̣ο̣ν̣</w> <w lemma="ḅạs1̣ịlea">β̣α̣σ̣ι̣λεα</w> .<w lemma=""></w>.................................. | <w lemma="wn">ων</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="basilikώteros">βασιλικώτερος</w>. .<w lemma=""></w>.................. (<w lemma=""></w>) <w lemma="onwn">ονων</w> <w lemma="wn">ων</w> | <w lemma="a%29qethqh%3Dnai">ἀθετηθῆναι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ụf̣">υ̣φ̣</w> <w lemma="ẹṭẹrwn">ε̣τ̣ε̣ρων</w> <w lemma="ḳṛẹịṭṭon">κ̣ρ̣ε̣ι̣τ̣τ̣ον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="prόteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29qetei%3Dn">ἀθετεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> | <w lemma="pίsteis">πίστεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikei%3D">ἀδικεῖ</w>- <w lemma="sqai">σθαι</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h">η</w> .<w lemma=""></w>....................... | .<w lemma=""></w>....... .<w lemma=""></w>.......................... <w lemma="kai">και</w> <w lemma="anous">ανους</w> <w lemma="fasin">φασιν</w> | <w lemma="sum">συμ</w>- <w lemma="pάsxein">πάσχειν</w> <w lemma="tois">τοις</w> <w lemma="adikois">αδικοις</w> <w lemma="p">π</w>.......................... (<w lemma=""></w>) | <w lemma="e%29%2Fggista">ἔγγιστα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qeίas">θείας</w> <w lemma="fusews">φυσεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> .<w lemma=""></w>..............., .<w lemma=""></w>... | <w lemma="nous">νους</w> <w lemma="tugxάnein">τυγχάνειν</w> <w lemma="timw%3Dn">τιμῶν</w> <w lemma="h">η</w> <w lemma="ụp̣">υ̣π̣</w>.................. <w lemma="qeo%5Cs">θεὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> | <w lemma="prόteros">πρότερος</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="anous">ανους</w> <w lemma="…qeo%5Cs">…θεὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> | <w lemma="prόteros">πρότερος</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="anous">ανους</w> .<w lemma=""></w>. .<w lemma=""></w>...................... | .<w lemma="tạ">τα̣</w>............... <w lemma="tou">του</w> <w lemma="pros">προς</w> .<w lemma=""></w>........... <w lemma="s`">ς`</w> <w lemma="qaumάzousi">θαυμάζουσι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pάntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="%2Afίlippon">Φίλιππον</w>|
2
<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="or">ορ</w> .<w lemma=""></w>.. <w lemma="s`">ς`</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxίan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mόnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29koύwn">ἀκούων</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pάsxwn">πάσχων</w> <w lemma="u%28p’">ὑπ’</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnaίwn">Ἀθηναίων</w>, <w lemma="nikήsas">νικήσας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Axairώneian">Χαιρώνειαν</w> <w lemma="mάxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pέsxe">ἀπέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xrήsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrw%3Dn">ἐχθρῶν</w> <w lemma="blάbhn">βλάβην</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="teqnew%3Dtas">τεθνεῶτας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnaίwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="khdeύsas">κηδεύσας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqaye">ἔθαψε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalώtous">αἰχμαλώτους</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="lύtrwn">λύτρων</w> <w lemma="prosamfiέsas">προσαμφιέσας</w> <w lemma="e%29capέsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkaίois:">ἀναγκαίοις·</w>
3
<w lemma="mi">μι</w>- <w lemma="mou%3Dntai">μοῦνται</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkista">ἥκιστα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiaύthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="proaίresin">προαίρεσιν</w>, <w lemma="a%28millw%3Dn">ἁμιλλῶν</w>- <w lemma="tai">ται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qumoi%3Ds">θυμοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="timwrίais">τιμωρίαις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toύtous">τούτους</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="polemou%3Dsi">πολεμοῦσι</w> <w lemma="toύtwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fneka">ἕνεκα</w>.
4
?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fge">ὅγε</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fsas">δήσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpous">ἀνθρώπους</w> <w lemma="gumnou%5Cs">γυμνοὺς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Fcais">ἁμάξαις</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Dlke">εἷλκε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="timwrhsa%2Fmenos">τιμωρησάμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fkteinen">ἀπέκτεινεν</w>. —
<head>VII. Affairs of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a></head>
All admire King Philip the Second for his magnanimity, in that although the Athenians had injured him both by word and deed, when he overcame them at the battle of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>, he was so far from availing himself of his success to injure his enemies, that he buried with due rites the Athenian dead, and sent the prisoners back to their relations without ransom and clad in new raiment.
But now far from imitating such conduct men vie in anger and thirst for vengeance with those on whom they are making war to suppress these very sentiments. . . .

Walbank Commentary

Overview
22.16.1 - 22.17.7
<p rend="Plain Text">should stand here, representing res Aegypti of Ol. 148, 3 = 186/5: see ad loc. and pp. 10–13.</p>
22.16.1 - 22.17.7
<p rend="Plain Text">Ptolemy V ends the native revolt and savagely ill-treats those who surrender (185)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">These two chapters from the exc. de sent. (16. 1–4) and the exc. de uirt. et uit. (17. 1–7) form part of the res Aegypti for Ol. 148, 3 = 186/5, and should accordingly stand between 10. 15 and 11. 1; see pp. 10–13. The repetition of 16. 4 at 17. 5 shows that the excerptor of the de sent. has omitted material covered in 17. 1–5: the two passages are excerpts from one context.</p> <p rend="Plain Text">On the native revolts under Philopator and Epiphanes see v. 107. 1–3, xiv. 12. 4 n. Resistance in the delta was temporarily suppressed in 197, but upper <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a> remained in revolt for a further ten years, and from 206 to 186, though the kings controlled the main centres, such as Thebes, Ombos, and Syene, the rebels held the countryside. Demotic papyri from that area (cf. Lacau, tudes de papyrologie, 2, 1934, 242 n. 1) show dating by (perhaps) Nubian kings calling themselves kings of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>; regnal years of Armakis up to 6 and of Ankhmakis up to 14 are recorded, and in the 'second Philae decree', passed by a synod of priests meeting at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alexandria&groupId=1063&placeId=1868">Alexandria</a> on 3 Mesore of year 19 of Epiphanes (6 Sept. 186) and engraved in year 21 (cf. Sethe, Urkunden, ii. 214–30; ZS, 1917, 35–49; M. Alliot, Rev. belge de phil. et d'hist., 1951, 434–5), the defeat and capture of Ankhmakis by a general Eumenus (?) is reported by Aristonicus (cf. 17. 6 n.) and dated to 23 Epeiph of year 19 (27 Aug. 186). According to this decree the priests successfully pleaded for Ankhmakis' life (so Sethe, locc. citt.; Alliot, op. cit. 441). The victory and the birth of Ptolemy's son (Philometor) were celebrated shortly afterwards by an amnesty covering the cancellation of all debts (cf. L. Koenen, Arch. Pap. 1960, 11–16). The surrender of the rebel leaders to Polycrates at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sais&groupId=939&placeId=1674">Sais</a> (17. 3) is a separate event and in a different part of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>, the delta. See also, on these revolts, J. Jouguet, Rev. belge de phil. et d'hist. 1923, 419–45; C. Praux, Chron. d'gypte, 1936, 529–52; M. Alliot, REA, 1952, 18–26; Volkmann, RE, 'Ptolemaios (23)', cols. 1699 ff.; P.W. Pestman, Chron. d'gypte, 1965, 157–70; W. Peremans, Hommages Praux, 393–402; Huss, 83–84 n. 364.</p> <p rend="Plain Text">The present extracts are from an account of Epiphanes' treatment of the rebel leaders contrasting his cruelty with Philip II's magnanimity after <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>.</p>
22.16.1 - 22.16.1
<p rend="Plain Text">These twelve lines are barely legible, but seem to refer to Epiphanes as a king who claimed to have divine blood in his veins and who ought therefore to have kept faith and suffered rather than to have inflicted injustice; but he had not done so. P. then compares him with Philip II.</p>
Specifics
22.16.2 - 22.16.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τὴν . . . μεγαλοψυχίαν</w>:</emph> cf. v. 10. 1–3 nn., xviii. 14. 13–14 nn. for Philip's magnanimity. <milestone unit="page" n="203">[203]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς μὲν τεθνεῶτας . . . ἔθαψε κτλ</w>.:</emph> cf. v. 10. 4 n. </p>
22.16.3 - 22.16.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τούτων αὐτῶν ἕνεκα</w>:</emph> Paton translates 'to suppress these very sentiments'; but this was not why Epiphanes was fighting the rebels, and the words are probably those of the excerptor, who has missed out a long passage before 16. 4 which coincides with 17. 5. </p>

Commentary