Polybius, Histories
Layout
Translation

Bibliography

(0)
No bibliography content available

Archaeology

Places

Book 22 - Chapter 13

1
<head lang="la">II. Res Macedoniae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%2Fs">βασιλεύς</w>, <w lemma="diapemyame%2Fnwn">διαπεμψαμένων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dhlou%2Fntwn">δηλούντων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="deh%2Fsei">δεήσει</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn">ἀνάγκην</w> <w lemma="a%29pobai%2Fnein">ἀποβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%2F%7Ckhs">Θρᾴκης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>,
2
<w lemma="puqo%2Fmenos">πυθόμενος</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bare%2Fws">βαρέως</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frwn">φέρων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="perite%2Fmnesqai">περιτέμνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="e%29naphrei%2Fsato">ἐναπηρείσατο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="talaipw%2Frous">ταλαιπώρους</w> <w lemma="%2Amarwnei%2Ftas">Μαρωνείτας</w>.
3
<w lemma="metapemya%2Fmenos">μεταπεμψάμενος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ono%2Fmaston">Ὀνόμαστον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%2F%7Ckhs">Θρᾴκης</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnon">τεταγμένον</w> <w lemma="e%29koinologh%2Fqh">ἐκοινολογήθη</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcews">πράξεως</w>.
4
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ono%2Fmastos">Ὀνόμαστος</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrh%2Fsas">ἀναχωρήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="%2Aka%2Fssandron">Κάσσανδρον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Amarw%2Fneian">Μαρώνειαν</w>, <w lemma="sunh%2Fqh">συνήθη</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxonta">ὑπάρχοντα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fona">πλείονα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diatribh%2Fn">διατριβήν</w>,
5
<w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29likou%5Cs">αὐλικοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gkaqeiko%2Ftos">ἐγκαθεικότος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeis">συνήθεις</w> <w lemma="pepoihko%2Ftos">πεποιηκότος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gxwri%2Fous">ἐγχωρίους</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="parepidhmi%2Fais">παρεπιδημίαις</w>.
6
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%28toimasqe%2Fntwn">ἑτοιμασθέντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%7Ckw%3Dn">Θρᾳκῶν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29peiselqo%2Fntwn">ἐπεισελθόντων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akassa%2Fndrou">Κασσάνδρου</w> <w lemma="nukto%2Fs">νυκτός</w>, <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flh">μεγάλη</w> <w lemma="sfagh%5C">σφαγὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amarwneitw%3Dn">Μαρωνειτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fqanon">ἀπέθανον</w>.
7
<w lemma="kolasa%2Fmenos">κολασάμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftw%7C">τοιούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fttontas">ἀντιπράττοντας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plhrw%2Fsas">πληρώσας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="qumo%2Fn">θυμόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29karado%2Fkei">ἐκαραδόκει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> [<w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnos">πεπεισμένος</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tolmh%2Fsein">τολμήσειν</w> <w lemma="kathgorh%2Fsein">κατηγορήσειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w>].
8
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="puqome%2Fnwn">πυθομένων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amarw%2Fneian">Μαρώνειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pikrw%3Ds">πικρῶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppw%7C">Φιλίππῳ</w> <w lemma="memyimoirou%2Fntwn">μεμψιμοιρούντων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29bou%2Fleto">ἐβούλετο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pologei%3Dsqai">ἀπολογεῖσθαι</w>,
9
<w lemma="fa%2Fskwn">φάσκων</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="kekoinwnhke%2Fnai">κεκοινωνηκέναι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="paranomi%2Fas">παρανομίας</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="stasia%2Fzontas">στασιάζοντας</w> <w lemma="%2Amarwnei%2Ftas">Μαρωνείτας</w>, [<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w>] <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pokli%2Fnontas">ἀποκλίνοντας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29me%2Fnh">Εὐμένη</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28auto%2Fn">ἑαυτόν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29mpeptwke%2Fnai">ἐμπεπτωκέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fan">ἀτυχίαν</w>.
10
<w lemma="kalei%3Dn">καλεῖν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29ke%2Fleue">ἐκέλευε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fswpon">πρόσωπον</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kathgorei%3D">κατηγορεῖ</w>.
11
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fei">ἐποίει</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnos">πεπεισμένος</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tolmh%2Fsein">τολμήσειν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w>, <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="timwri%2Fan">τιμωρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="xeiro%5Cs">χειρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsesqai">ἔσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fcasin">ἀντιπράξασιν</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fan">ἐπικουρίαν</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29festa%2Fnai">ἀφεστάναι</w>.
12
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="fasko%2Fntwn">φασκόντων</w> <w lemma="prosdei%3Dsqai">προσδεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="dikaiologi%2Fas">δικαιολογίας</w>, <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29de%2Fnai">εἰδέναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pori%2Fan">ἀπορίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fpipten">ἐνέπιπτεν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w>.
13
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnteucin">ἔντευξιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fxri">ἄχρι</w> <w lemma="tou%2F">τού</w>
<head>V. Affairs of Macedonia</head><head>Massacre at Maronea</head>King Philip, when his envoys sent a message to him from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>
that it would be necessary for him to evacuate the Thracian cities, upon learning this was much embittered by the thought that he was being docked of his dominions on every side, and vented his fury on the unhappy people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a>.
Sending for Onomastus, the governor of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thrace&groupId=1030&placeId=509">Thrace</a>, he communicated his intentions to him.
Onomastus upon leaving sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> Cassander, who was familiar with the people,
as he usually resided there, Philip having for long been in the habit of settling members of his court in these cities and accustoming the inhabitants to their stay.
After a few days, when the Thracians had been got ready and introduced into the town at night by Cassander, a great massacre took place, and many of the citizens perished.
Philip, having thus chastised his opponents and satisfied his vengeance, waited for the arrival of the legates, convinced that no one would dare to accuse him owing to fear;
but shortly afterwards when Appius and his colleagues arrived, and, having soon heard what had happened at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a>, rebuked Philip severely for his conduct, he tried to excuse himself by stating that he had taken no part in the outrage, but that the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> themselves who were at discord, some of them being inclined to favour Eumenes and some himself, had brought this calamity on themselves; and he invited them to summon anyone who wished to accuse him to met him.
This he did owing to his conviction that no one would venture to do so, as all would think that Philip\'s vengeance on his opponents would be summary, while the help of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> was remote.
But when the commissioners said that any further defence on his part was superfluous, as they quite well knew what had happened and who was the cause of it, Philip was at a loss what to reply.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
22.13.1 - 22.14.12
<p rend="Plain Text">Massacre at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a>: Philip sends Demetrius to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a></p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt, a combination of passages from de legat. gent. and de legat. Rom., is the basis for Livy, xxxix. 34–35, and belongs to res Macedoniae of Ol. 148, 4 = 185/4, in fact (cf. 13. 1–2) 184; see pp. 11–13.</p>
Specifics
22.13.1 - 22.13.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διαπεμψαμένων . . . τῶν ἰδίων πρεσβευτῶν</w>:</emph> before the arrival of Ap. Claudius (12. 4). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης πόλεων</w>:</emph> for the Roman decision of the previous winter (185/4) concerning Aenus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> see 11. 4. </p>
22.13.3 - 22.13.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ὀνόμαστον τὸν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης τεταγμένον</w>:</emph> he was officially strategos; for the circumlocution cf. v. 40. 1, 96. 4; Bengtson, Strat. ii. 338. His confidential role can be seen from his being one of the two seniores amici called in by Philip to hear the dispute between Perseus and Demetrius (Livy, xl. 8. 4). There is no reason to identify him <milestone unit="page" n="197">[197]</milestone> with the Onesimus who, according to Claudius Quadrigarius, abandoned Perseus before <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pydna&groupId=919&placeId=1647">Pydna</a> and received a house and estate near Tarentum (Livy, xliv. 16. 4–7); this possibility is envisaged by Pdech, Mthode, 133 n. 173. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐκοινολογήθη τούτῳ περὶ τῆς πράξεως</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxix. 34. 2, 'Onomasto . . . mandat, ut partis aduersae principes interficeret.' P.'s vaguer language may be due to the excerptor (Nissen, KU, 15); alternatively Livy has sharpened the tone by being more specific. </p>
22.13.4 - 22.13.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Κάσσανδρον</w>:</emph> perhaps epistates at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Maronea&groupId=734&placeId=1345">Maronea</a> (cf. v. 26. 5 n.), where he usually resided; the <w lang="el-GR">πόλεις</w> are those of the Thracian coast (cf. 11. 4). </p>
22.13.7 - 22.13.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">[πεπεισμένος . . . διὰ τὸν φόβον]</w>:</emph> deleted, probably rightly, by S. A. Naber, Mnem. 1857, 122, since it coincides with a phrase in § 11, where the Livian paraphrase proves it to be in place. </p>
22.13.8 - 22.13.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παραγενομένων τῶν περὶ τὸν Ἄππιον</w>:</emph> cf. 12. 4 n.; the date will be spring 184. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μεμψιμοιρούντων ἐπὶ τούτοις</w>:</emph> perhaps compressed; cf. Livy, xxxix. 34. 3, 'querentes tam crudeliter aduersus innoxios Maronitas, tam superbe aduersus populum Romanum factum, ut, quibus libertatem restituendam senatus censuisset, ii pro hostibus trucidarentur'. For the two points cf. 14. 6. </p>
22.13.9 - 22.13.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">αὐτοὺς ἐν αὑτοῖς στασιάζοντας</w>:</emph> probably true. Eumenes was keenly interested in these cities (6. 1–2 nn.); for factions at Aenus see 6. 7. </p>
22.13.11 - 22.13.11
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πεπεισμένος μηδένα τολμήσειν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxxix. 34. 5, 'haud dubius, perculsis omnibus terrore tam recentis caedis, neminem hiscere aduersus se ausurum'. This suggests compression by the excerptor, and if § 7 is taken from here by dittography one should perhaps read <w lang="el-GR">μηδένα τολμήσειν κατηγορ[ήσ]εῖν αὐτοῦ</w> here; but more probably § 7 represents a first clumsy attempt at compression. </p>

Commentary