Polybius, Histories

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Book 20 - Chapter 6

1
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29si%2Fan">οὐσίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pido%2Fsews:">ἐπιδόσεως·</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="koina%5C">κοινὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtw%3Dn">Βοιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tosau%2Fthn">τοσαύτην</w> <w lemma="paragego%2Fnei">παραγεγόνει</w> <w lemma="kaxeci%2Fan">καχεξίαν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnt%27">πέντ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29tw%3Dn">ἐτῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaion">δίκαιον</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="diech%3Dxqai">διεξῆχθαι</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29diwtikw%3Dn">ἰδιωτικῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbolai%2Fwn">συμβολαίων</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29gklhma%2Ftwn">ἐγκλημάτων</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cs">φρουρὰς</w> <w lemma="paragge%2Fllontes">παραγγέλλοντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="stratei%2Fas">στρατείας</w> <w lemma="koina%2Fs">κοινάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fkopton">ἐξέκοπτον</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dikaiodosi%2Fan:">δικαιοδοσίαν·</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgw%3Dn">στρατηγῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="misqodosi%2Fas">μισθοδοσίας</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Foun">ἐποίουν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Frois">ἀπόροις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w>.
3
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29dida%2Fxqh">ἐδιδάχθη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxein">προσέχειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="peripoiei%3Dn">περιποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%2Fs">ἀρχάς</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmelle">ἔμελλε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikhma%2Ftwn">ἀδικημάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29feilhma%2Ftwn">ὀφειλημάτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="u%28fe%2Fcein">ὑφέξειν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkas">δίκας</w>, <w lemma="proslh%2Fyesqai">προσλήψεσθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%2F">αἰεί</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w>. <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="suneba%2Fleto">συνεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> *
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? <w lemma="%2A%29ofe%2Fltas">Ὀφέλτας</w>, <w lemma="ai%29ei%2F">αἰεί</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="prosepinow%3Dn">προσεπινοῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fkei">ἐδόκει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%3Dn">ὠφελεῖν</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="a%29polei%3Dn">ἀπολεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellen">ἔμελλεν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnws">ὁμολογουμένως</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29kolou%2Fqhse">ἠκολούθησε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteros">ἕτερος</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dlos">ζῆλος</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="eu%29tuxh%2Fs">εὐτυχής</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fteknoi">ἄτεκνοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29si%2Fas">οὐσίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnois">ἐπιγενομένοις</w> <w lemma="teleutw%3Dntes">τελευτῶντες</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fleipon">ἀπέλειπον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="eu%29wxi%2Fas">εὐωχίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fqas">μέθας</w> <w lemma="dieti%2Fqento">διετίθεντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koina%5Cs">κοινὰς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flois">φίλοις</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Foun:">ἐποίουν·</w>
6
<w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="genea%5Cs">γενεὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29peme%2Frizon">ἀπεμέριζον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="sussiti%2Fois">συσσιτίοις</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ou%29si%2Fas">οὐσίας</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtw%3Dn">Βοιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxe">ὑπῆρχε</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dpna">δεῖπνα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhno%5Cs">μηνὸς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dna">μῆνα</w> <w lemma="diatetagme%2Fnwn">διατεταγμένων</w> <w lemma="h%28merw%3Dn">ἡμερῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amegarei%3Ds">Μεγαρεῖς</w>, <w lemma="mish%2Fsantes">μισήσαντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fstasin">κατάστασιν</w>, <w lemma="mnhsqe%2Fntes">μνησθέντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="progegenhme%2Fnhs">προγεγενημένης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="sumpolitei%2Fas">συμπολιτείας</w>, <w lemma="au%29%3Dtis">αὖτις</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fneusan">ἀπένευσαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresin">αἵρεσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Amegarei%3Ds">Μεγαρεῖς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29politeu%2Fonto">ἐπολιτεύοντο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonon">Ἀντίγονον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Agonata%3Dn">Γονατᾶν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnwn:">χρόνων·</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29isqmo%5Cn">Ἰσθμὸν</w> <w lemma="proeka%2Fqisen">προεκάθισεν</w>, <w lemma="diakleisqe%2Fntes">διακλεισθέντες</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fqento">προσέθεντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtoi%3Ds">Βοιωτοῖς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w>.
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<w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnwn">λεγομένων</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="dusaresth%2Fsantes">δυσαρεστήσαντες</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fa%7C">πολιτείᾳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtw%3Dn">Βοιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dtis">αὖτις</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fneusan">ἀπένευσαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%2Fs">Ἀχαιούς</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtoi%5C">Βοιωτοὶ</w> <w lemma="diorgisqe%2Fntes">διοργισθέντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="katafronei%3Dsqai">καταφρονεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dlqon">ἐξῆλθον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Amegarei%3Ds">Μεγαρεῖς</w> <w lemma="pandhmei%5C">πανδημεὶ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29de%2Fna">οὐδένα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poioume%2Fnwn">ποιουμένων</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amegare%2Fwn">Μεγαρέων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fas">παρουσίας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="qumwqe%2Fntes">θυμωθέντες</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosbola%5Cs">προσβολὰς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w>.
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<w lemma="panikou%3D">πανικοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mpeso%2Fntos">ἐμπεσόντος</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhs">φήμης</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Frestin">πάρεστιν</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmhn">Φιλοποίμην</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w>, <w lemma="a%29polipo%2Fntes">ἀπολιπόντες</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxei">τείχει</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fmakas">κλίμακας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffugon">ἔφυγον</w> <w lemma="protropa%2Fdhn">προτροπάδην</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>.
But public affairs in Boeotia had fallen into such a state of disorder that for nearly twenty-five years justice, both civil and criminal, had ceased to be administered there, the magistrates by issuing orders, some of them for the dispatch of garrisons and others for general campaigns,
always contriving to abolish legal proceedings. Certain strategi even provided pay out of the public funds for the indigent, the populace thus learning to court and invest with power those men who would help them to escape the legal consequences of their crimes and debts
and even in addition to get something out of the public funds as a favour from the magistrates.
The chief abettor of these abuses was Opheltas, who was constantly contriving some scheme apparently calculated to benefit the populace for the moment, but perfectly sure to ruin everyone at the end.
Incident upon all this was another most unfortunate mania. For childless men, when they died, did not leave their property to their nearest heirs, as had formerly been the custom there, but disposed of it for purposes of junketing and banqueting and made it the common property of their friends.
Even many who had families distributed the greater part of their fortune among their clubs, so that there were many Boeotians who had each month more dinners than there were days in the calendar.
One consequence of this was that the Megarians, detesting this state of affairs and mindful of their former confederacy with the Achaean League, once more inclined towards the Achaeans and their policy.
For the Megarians had originally, from the days of Antigonus Gonatas, formed part of the Achaean League, but when Cleomenes intercepted them by occupying the Isthmus, they were cut off, and with the consent of the Achaeans, joined the Boeotian League.
But shortly before the time I am speaking of, they became displeased with the conduct of affairs in Boeotia, and again turned to the Achaeans.
Hereupon the Boeotians, indignant at seeming to be flouted, marched out with all their forces against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megara&groupId=746&placeId=1361">Megara</a>,
and when the Megarians treated their arrival as of no importance, they began in their anger to besiege <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megara&groupId=746&placeId=1361">Megara</a> and make assaults on it.
But, being seized by panic owing to a report that Philopoemen with the Achaeans had arrived, they left their ladders against the wall and fled in utter rout to their own country.