Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 2 - Chapter 68

1
<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foqen">Ὅθεν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgono%2Fn">Ἀντίγονόν</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="katapeira%2Fzonta">καταπειράζοντα</w> <w lemma="punqa%2Fnesqai">πυνθάνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="taxqe%2Fntos">ταχθέντος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="paradoqh%3Dnai">παραδοθῆναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnqhma">σύνθημα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnou">κινδύνου</w> <w lemma="kata%2Frcaito">κατάρξαιτο</w>.
2
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29rnoume%2Fnou">ἀρνουμένου</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontos">φάσκοντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meira%2Fkio%2Fn">μειράκιόν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopolitiko%5Cn">Μεγαλοπολιτικὸν</w> <w lemma="proegxeirh%3Dsai">προεγχειρῆσαι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhn">γνώμην</w>, <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="meira%2Fkion">μειράκιον</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqou%3D">ἀγαθοῦ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsai">ποιήσαι</w>, <w lemma="sunqeasa%2Fmenon">συνθεασάμενον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn">καιρόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnos">ἐκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28gemw%5Cn">ἡγεμὼν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxwn">ὑπάρχων</w> <w lemma="meiraki%2Fou">μειρακίου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tuxo%2Fntos">τυχόντος</w>.
3
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29klei%2Fdan">Εὐκλείδαν</w> <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dntes">ὁρῶντες</w> <w lemma="prosbainou%2Fsas">προσβαινούσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="spei%2Fras">σπείρας</w>, <w lemma="a%29fe%2Fmenoi">ἀφέμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="eu%29kairi%2Fais">εὐκαιρίαις</w> —
4
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pollou%3D">πολλοῦ</w> <w lemma="sunantw%3Dntas">συναντῶντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prospi%2Fptontas">προσπίπτοντας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="sti%2Ffh">στίφη</w> <w lemma="suntara%2Fttein">συνταράττειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fein">διαλύειν</w>, <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28poxwrei%3Dn">ὑποχωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fda">πόδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meqi%2Fstasqai">μεθίστασθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fous">ὑπερδεξίους</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds:">ἀσφαλῶς·</w>
5
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="prolumhna%2Fmenoi">προλυμηνάμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugxe%2Fantes">συγχέαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqoplismou%3D">καθοπλισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcews">συντάξεως</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwma">ἰδίωμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cdi%2Fws">ῥᾳδίως</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29tre%2Fyanto">ἐτρέψαντο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="eu%29fui+%2Fan">εὐφυΐαν</w> —
6
<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhsan">ἐποίησαν</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmou">ἑτοίμου</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ni%2Fkhs">νίκης</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="tou%29nanti%2Fon">τοὐναντίον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpracan">ἔπραξαν</w>.
7
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fsin">στάσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmenon">ἔμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkrwn">ἄκρων</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29nwta%2Ftw">ἀνωτάτω</w> <w lemma="speu%2Fdontes">σπεύδοντες</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fugh%5Cn">φυγὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="kataferh%3D">καταφερῆ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="krhmnw%2Fdh">κρημνώδη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>.
8
<w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%5Cs">εἰκὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>, <w lemma="tou%29nanti%2Fon:">τοὐναντίον·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29polipo%2Fntes">ἀπολιπόντες</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxw%2Frhsin">ἀναχώρησιν</w>, <w lemma="prosdeca%2Fmenoi">προσδεξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29kerai%2Fous">ἀκεραίους</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunestw%2Fsas">συνεστώσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="spei%2Fras">σπείρας</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="dusxrhsti%2Fas">δυσχρηστίας</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dlqon">ἦλθον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffou">λόφου</w> <w lemma="korufh%3Ds">κορυφῆς</w> <w lemma="diama%2Fxesqai">διαμάχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="biazome%2Fnous">βιαζομένους</w>.
9
<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="podo%5Cs">ποδὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pie%2Fsqhsan">ἐπιέσθησαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frei">βάρει</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqoplismou%3D">καθοπλισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcews">συντάξεως</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%5C">Ἰλλυριοὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fstasin">κατάστασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fmbanon">ἐλάμβανον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29klei%2Fdan">Εὐκλείδαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fda">πόδα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="katalei%2Fpesqai">καταλείπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxw%2Frhsin">ἀναχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%2Fstasin">μετάστασιν</w> <w lemma="e%28autoi%3Ds">ἑαυτοῖς</w>.
10
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="trape%2Fntas">τραπέντας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29leqri%2Fw%7C">ὀλεθρίῳ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="fugh%3D%7C">φυγῇ</w>, <w lemma="krhmnw%2Fdh">κρημνώδη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fsbaton">δύσβατον</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29naxw%2Frhsin">ἀναχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>.
Hence it is said that subsequently Antigonus asked Alexander, the commander of the cavalry, to convict him of his shortcomings, why he had begun the battle before the signal was given.
On Alexander denying this and saying that a stripling from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megalopolis&groupId=745&placeId=1360">Megalopolis</a> had begun it contrary to his own judgement, the king said that this stripling in grasping the situation had acted like a good general and Alexander himself, the general, like an ordinary stripling.
To continue our narrative, Eucleidas' troops, on seeing the enemy's lines advancing, cast away the advantage the ground gave him.
They should have charged the enemy while still at a distance, thus breaking his ranks and throwing them into disorder, and then retreating slowly, have returned in safety to the higher ground.
Thus having in the first instance spoilt and broken up that peculiar serried formation of the enemy so well adapted to their special equipment, they would easily have put them to flight owing to their favourable position.
Instead of doing this, they acted as if the victory were already in their hand and did exactly the opposite.
They remained, that is, at the summit in their original position with the view of getting their opponents as high up the hill as possible so that the enemy's flight would be for a long distance down the steep and precipitous slope.
As might have been expected, the result was just the reverse. They had left themselves no means of retreat and on being charged by the Macedonian cohorts which were still fresh and in good order, they were so hard put to it that they had to fight with the assailants for the possession of the extreme summit.
From now onwards, wherever they were forced back by the weight of their adversaries' weapons and formation, the Illyrians at once occupied the place where they had stood, while each backward step Eucleidas' men took was on to lower ground, since they had not left themselves any room for orderly retreat or change of formation.
The consequence was that very soon they had to turn and take to a flight which proved disastrous, as, for a long distance, it was over difficult and precipitous ground.