Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 35

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<w lemma="dio%2Flanon">διόλανον</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Dle">εἷλε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w>. <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnontos">συμβαίνοντος</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtes">προεστῶτες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29inso%2Fmbrwn">Ἰνσόμβρων</w> <w lemma="a%29pogno%2Fntes">ἀπογνόντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fas">σωτηρίας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftreyan">ἐπέτρεψαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemos">πόλεμος</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fnoian">ἀπόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flman">τόλμαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnizome%2Fnwn">ἀγωνιζομένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxas">μάχας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29tai%3Ds">αὐταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29pollume%2Fnwn">ἀπολλυμένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paratattome%2Fnwn">παραταττομένων</w> <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="katadee%2Fsteros">καταδεέστερος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28storhme%2Fnwn">ἱστορημένων</w>,
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29krisi%2Fan">ἀκρισίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="xeirismou%3D">χειρισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="eu%29katafro%2Fnhtos">εὐκαταφρόνητος</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpan">ἅπαν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="qumw%3D%7C">θυμῷ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="logismw%3D%7C">λογισμῷ</w> <w lemma="brabeu%2Fesqai">βραβεύεσθαι</w>.
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<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="sunqewrh%2Fsantes">συνθεωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgon">ὀλίγον</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdon">Πάδον</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fwn">πεδίων</w> <w lemma="e%29cwsqe%2Fntas">ἐξωσθέντας</w>, <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgwn">ὀλίγων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpeis">Ἄλπεις</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnwn">κειμένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="w%29%7Ch%2Fqhmen">ᾠήθημεν</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29mnhmo%2Fneuton">ἀμνημόνευτον</w> <w lemma="paralipei%3Dn">παραλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fan">τελευταίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29cana%2Fstasin">ἐξανάστασιν</w>,
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<w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnontes">ὑπολαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%3Don">οἰκεῖον</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dt%27">τοιαῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29peiso%2Fdia">ἐπεισόδια</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhs">τύχης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdosin">παράδοσιν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29piginome%2Fnois">ἐπιγινομένοις</w>,
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<w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="a%29nenno%2Fhtoi">ἀνεννόητοι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontes">ὑπάρχοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29kplh%2Fttwntai">ἐκπλήττωνται</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29fnidi%2Fous">αἰφνιδίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgous">παραλόγους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdous">ἐφόδους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="poso%5Cn">ποσὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnontes">λαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligoxro%2Fnio%2Fn">ὀλιγοχρόνιόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Ffqarton">εὔφθαρτον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fousi">κινδυνεύουσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pome%2Fnwsi">ὑπομένωσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="e%29cele%2Fgxwsi">ἐξελέγχωσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="paraxwrh%3Dsai%2F">παραχωρῆσαί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apersw%3Dn">Περσῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adelfou%5Cs">Δελφοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdosin">παράδοσιν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29gago%2Fntas">ἀγαγόντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mikra%5C">μικρὰ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fomai">οἴομαι</w> <w lemma="sumbeblh%3Dsqai">συμβεβλῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="koinh%3Ds">κοινῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fas">ἐλευθερίας</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="xorhgiw%3Dn">χορηγιῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fq%27">οὔθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kataplagei%5Cs">καταπλαγεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29postai%2Fh">ἀποσταίη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="diagwni%2Fzesqai">διαγωνίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>, <w lemma="lamba%2Fnwn">λαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocon">παράδοξον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnwn">γενομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mnhmoneu%2Fsas">μνημονεύσας</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsas">ὅσας</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fnas">τίνας</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmas">τόλμας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="phli%2Fkas">πηλίκας</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%5Cs">παρασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="logismou%3D">λογισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kinduneuo%2Fntwn">κινδυνευόντων</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresis">αἵρεσις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamis">δύναμις</w> <w lemma="kaqei%3Dlen">καθεῖλεν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbos">φόβος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="palaio%5Cn">παλαιὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fplhce">ἐξέπληξε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fgwge">ἔγωγε</w> <w lemma="parwrmh%2Fqhn">παρωρμήθην</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kefalaiw%2Fdh">κεφαλαιώδη</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fkaqen">ἀνέκαθεν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin">ἐξήγησιν</w>.
upon which the chieftains of the Insubres, despairing of safety, put themselves entirely at the mercy of the Romans.
Such was the end of the war against the Celts, a war which, if we look to the desperation and daring of the combatants and the numbers who took part and perished in the battles, is second to no war in history,
but is quite contemptible as regards the plan of the campaigns, and the judgement shown in executing it, not most steps but every single step that the Gauls took being commended to them rather by the heat of passion than by cool calculation.
As I have witnessed them not long afterwards entirely expelled from the plain of the Po, except a few regions close under the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a>, I did not think it right to make no mention either of their original invasion or of their subsequent conduct and their final expulsion;
for I think it is the proper task of History to record and hand down to future generations such episodes of Fortune, that those who live after us may not, owing to entire ignorance of these incidents, be unduly terrified by sudden and unexpected invasions of barbarians,
but that, having a fair comprehension of how short-lived and perishable is the might of such peoples, they may confront the invaders and put every hope of safety to the test, before yielding a jot of anything they value.
For indeed I consider that the writers who chronicled and handed down to us the story of the Persian invasion of Greece and the attack of the Gauls on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Delphi&groupId=534&placeId=363">Delphi</a> have made no small contribution to the struggle of the Hellenes for their common liberty.
For there is no one whom hosts of men or abundance of arms or vast resources could frighten into abandoning his last hope, that is to fight to the end for his native land, if he kept before his eyes what part the unexpected played in those events, and bore in mind how many myriads of men, what determined courage and what armaments were brought to nought by the resolve and power of those who faced the danger with intelligence and coolness.
It is not only in old times but more than once in my own days that the Greeks have been alarmed by the prospect of a Gaulish invasion;
and this especially was my motive for giving here an account of these events, summary indeed, but going back to the beginnings.