Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 2

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<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fda">Ἰλλυρίδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphs">Εὐρώπης</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>. <w lemma="a%28%2Fper">ἅπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="pare%2Frgws">παρέργως</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pista%2Fsews">ἐπιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="qewrhte%2Fon">θεωρητέον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnois">βουλομένοις</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinw%3Ds">ἀληθινῶς</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28mete%2Fran">ἡμετέραν</w> <w lemma="sunqea%2Fsasqai">συνθεάσασθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29%2Fchsin">αὔξησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%5Cn">κατασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fgnwsan">ἔγνωσαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diabai%2Fnein">διαβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29%2Fagrwn">Ἄγρων</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn">Ἰλλυριῶν</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ui%28o%5Cs">υἱὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Apleura%2Ftou">Πλευράτου</w>, <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezh%5Cn">πεζὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nautikh%5Cn">ναυτικὴν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="bebasileuko%2Ftwn">βεβασιλευκότων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%3Ds">Ἰλλυριοῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmhtri%2Fou">Δημητρίου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="patro%5Cs">πατρὸς</w> <w lemma="peisqei%5Cs">πεισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fmasin">χρήμασιν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fsxeto">ὑπέσχετο</w> <w lemma="bohqh%2Fsein">βοηθήσειν</w> <w lemma="%2Amediwni%2Fois">Μεδιωνίοις</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="poliorkoume%2Fnois">πολιορκουμένοις</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenoi">δυνάμενοι</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dsai">πεῖσαι</w> <w lemma="%2Amediwni%2Fous">Μεδιωνίους</w> <w lemma="mete%2Fxein">μετέχειν</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w>, <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="e%28lei%3Dn">ἑλεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>.
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<w lemma="strateu%2Fsantes">στρατεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="pandhmei%5C">πανδημεὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peristratopedeu%2Fsantes">περιστρατοπεδεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29polio%2Frkoun">ἐπολιόρκουν</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fan">βίαν</w> <w lemma="prosfe%2Frontes">προσφέροντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhxanh%2Fn">μηχανήν</w>.
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<w lemma="suna%2Fyantos">συνάψαντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxairesi%2Fwn">ἀρχαιρεσίων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="ai%28rei%3Dsqai">αἱρεῖσθαι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="poliorkoume%2Fnwn">πολιορκουμένων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="diakeime%2Fnwn">διακειμένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dokou%2Fntwn">δοκούντων</w> <w lemma="a%29n%27">ἀν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fsthn">ἑκάστην</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29ndw%2Fsein">ἐνδώσειν</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%2Fs">ἑαυτούς</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prou+pa%2Frxwn">προϋπάρχων</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="prosfe%2Frei">προσφέρει</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%3Ds">Αἰτωλοῖς</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskwn">φάσκων</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kakopaqei%2Fas">κακοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29nade%2Fdektai">ἀναδέδεκται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>, <w lemma="di%2Fkaion">δίκαιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29konomi%2Fan">οἰκονομίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="lafu%2Frwn">λαφύρων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pa%5Cn">ἐπὰν</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fswsi">κρατήσωσι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pigrafh%5Cn">ἐπιγραφὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3D%7C">ἑαυτῷ</w> <w lemma="sugxwrei%3Dsqai">συγχωρεῖσθαι</w>. <w lemma="tinw%3Dn">τινῶν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proi+o%2Fntwn">προϊόντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtou%2Fntwn">ἀμφισβητούντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmena">λεγόμενα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parakalou%2Fntwn">παρακαλούντων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="prodialamba%2Fnein">προδιαλαμβάνειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ke%2Fraion">ἀκέραιον</w> <w lemma="e%29a%3Dn">ἐᾶν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxh">τύχη</w> <w lemma="boulhqh%3D%7C">βουληθῇ</w> <w lemma="periqei%3Dnai">περιθεῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ste%2Ffanon">στέφανον</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fdoce">ἔδοξε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%3Ds">Αἰτωλοῖς</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikatastaqei%5Cs">ἐπικατασταθεὶς</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fsh%7C">κρατήσῃ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="koinh%5Cn">κοινὴν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="prou+pa%2Frxonti">προϋπάρχοντι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29konomi%2Fan">οἰκονομίαν</w>
It was at this period that the Romans first crossed with an army to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> and that part of Europe.
This is a matter not to be lightly passed over, but deserving the serious attention of those who wish to gain a true view of the purpose of this work and of the formation and growth of the Roman dominion.
The circumstances which decided them to cross were as follows:
Agron, king of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, was the son of Pleuratus, and was master of stronger land and sea forces than any king of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> before him.
Demetrius, the father of Philip V, had induced him by a bribe to go to the assistance of the town of Medion which the Aetolians were besieging.
The Aetolians being unable to persuade the Medionians to join their league, determined to reduce them by force.
Levying all their forces they encamped round the city and strictly besieged it, employing every forcible means and every device.
The date of the annual elections was now at hand, and they had to choose another Strategus. As the besieged were in the utmost extremity and were expected to surrender every day, the actual Strategus addressed the Aetolians,
maintaining that as it was he who had supported the dangers and hardships of the siege, it was only just, on the town falling, he should have the privilege of dealing with the booty and inscribing with his name the shields dedicated in memory of the victory.
Some, more especially the candidates for the office, disputed this, and begged the people not to decide the matter in advance, but leave it, as things stood, to Fortune to determine to whom she should award this prize.
The Aetolians hereupon passed a resolution, that if it was the new Strategus whoever he might be, to whom the city fell, he should share with the present one the disposition of the booty and the honour of inscribing the shields.