Polybius, Histories

Translation

Book 2 - Chapter 11

<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftous">ὑπάτους</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fios">Γνάιος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Afo%2Flouios">Φόλουιος</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fplei">ἐξέπλει</w> <w lemma="nausi%5C">ναυσὶ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fais">διακοσίαις</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w>, <w lemma="%2Aau%29%3Dlos">Αὖλος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aposto%2Fmios">Ποστόμιος</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pezika%5Cs">πεζικὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29cw%2Frma">ἐξώρμα</w>.

<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%5Cn">ἐπιβολὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dn">πλεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fios">Γνάιος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akerku%2Fras">Κερκύρας</w>, <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnwn">ὑπολαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="katalh%2Fyesqai">καταλήψεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkriton:">ἄκριτον·</w>

<w lemma="u%28sterh%2Fsas">ὑστερήσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="nh%3Dson">νῆσον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fplei">ἔπλει</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pignw%3Dnai">ἐπιγνῶναι</w> <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dran">πεῖραν</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmhtri%2Fou">Δημητρίου</w> <w lemma="prosaggellome%2Fnwn">προσαγγελλομένων</w>.

<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrios">Δημήτριος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="diabolai%3Ds">διαβολαῖς</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fobou%2Fmenos">φοβούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Ateu%2Ftan">Τεύταν</w> <w lemma="diepe%2Fmpeto">διεπέμπετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>, <w lemma="e%29paggello%2Fmenos">ἐπαγγελλόμενος</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeiriei%3Dn">ἐγχειριεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="loipa%5C">λοιπὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="paradw%2Fsein">παραδώσειν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w>.

<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akerkurai%3Doi">Κερκυραῖοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="a%29sme%2Fnws">ἀσμένως</w> <w lemma="i%29do%2Fntes">ἰδόντες</w>, <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cn">φρουρὰν</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fdosan">παρέδοσαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn">Ἰλλυριῶν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmhtri%2Fou">Δημητρίου</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%2F">αὐτοί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="o%28moqumado%5Cn">ὁμοθυμαδὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdwkan">ἔδωκαν</w> <w lemma="paraklhqe%2Fntes">παρακληθέντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>, <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="u%28polabo%2Fntes">ὑπολαβόντες</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllonta">μέλλοντα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn">Ἰλλυριῶν</w> <w lemma="paranomi%2Fan">παρανομίαν</w>.

<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosdeca%2Fmenoi">προσδεξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akerkurai%2Fous">Κερκυραίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpleon">ἔπλεον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apollwni%2Fas">Ἀπολλωνίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%2Floipa">κατάλοιπα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fna">ἡγεμόνα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrion">Δημήτριον</w>.

<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aposto%2Fmios">Ποστόμιος</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pezika%5Cs">πεζικὰς</w> <w lemma="diebi%2Fbaze">διεβίβαζε</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Abrentesi%2Fou">Βρεντεσίου</w>, <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="dismuri%2Fous">δισμυρίους</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w>.

<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxein">προσέχειν</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Fras">ἑκατέρας</w> <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apollwni%2Fan">Ἀπολλωνίαν</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29podecame%2Fnwn">ἀποδεξαμένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fntwn">δόντων</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%5Cs">ἑαυτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%2Fxqhsan">ἀνήχθησαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontes">ἀκούοντες</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dsqai">πολιορκεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29epi%2Fdamnon">Ἐπίδαμνον</w>.

<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illurioi%5C">Ἰλλυριοὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fntes">συνέντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29deni%5C">οὐδενὶ</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fsmw%7C">κόσμῳ</w> <w lemma="lu%2Fsantes">λύσαντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffugon">ἔφυγον</w>.

<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29epidamni%2Fous">Ἐπιδαμνίους</w> <w lemma="paralabo%2Fntes">παραλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dgon">προῆγον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fsw">εἴσω</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fdos">Ἰλλυρίδος</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="katastrefo%2Fmenoi">καταστρεφόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ardiai%2Fous">Ἀρδιαίους</w>.

<w lemma="summica%2Fntwn">συμμιξάντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aparqi%2Fnwn">Παρθίνων</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dkon">ἧκον</w> <w lemma="e%29pitre%2Fpontes">ἐπιτρέποντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%2Fs">αὑτούς</w>, <w lemma="deca%2Fmenoi">δεξάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w>, <w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29atinta%2Fnwn">Ἀτιντάνων</w> <w lemma="proselhluqo%2Ftas">προσεληλυθότας</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dgon">προῆγον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fissan">Ἴσσαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn">Ἰλλυριῶν</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dsqai">πολιορκεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.

<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenoi">ἀφικόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lu%2Fsantes">λύσαντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="prosede%2Fcanto">προσεδέξαντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29issai%2Fous">Ἰσσαίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>.

<w lemma="ei%28%3Dlon">εἷλον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fdas">Ἰλλυρίδας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fplw%7C">παράπλῳ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos:">κράτος·</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoutri%2Fan">Νουτρίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stratiwtw%3Dn">στρατιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbalon">ἀπέβαλον</w> <w lemma="pollou%2Fs">πολλούς</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tami%2Fan">ταμίαν</w>.

<w lemma="e%29kuri%2Feusan">ἐκυρίευσαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbwn">λέμβων</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pokomizo%2Fntwn">ἀποκομιζόντων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="w%29fe%2Fleian">ὠφέλειαν</w>.

<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poliorkou%2Fntwn">πολιορκούντων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fissan">Ἴσσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Frw%7C">Φάρῳ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrion">Δημήτριον</w> <w lemma="a%29blabei%3Ds">ἀβλαβεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmeinan">ἔμειναν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flloi">ἄλλοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffugon">ἔφυγον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Farbwna">Ἄρβωνα</w> <w lemma="skedasqe%2Fntes">σκεδασθέντες</w>.

<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ateu%2Fta">Τεύτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnu">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgwn">ὀλίγων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ri%2Fzona">Ῥίζονα</w> <w lemma="diesw%2Fqh">διεσώθη</w>, <w lemma="polisma%2Ftion">πολισμάτιον</w> <w lemma="eu%29%3D">εὖ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="o%29xuro%2Fthta">ὀχυρότητα</w> <w lemma="kateskeuasme%2Fnon">κατεσκευασμένον</w>, <w lemma="a%29nakexwrhko%5Cs">ἀνακεχωρηκὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w>, <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kei%2Fmenon">κείμενον</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ri%2Fzoni">Ῥίζονι</w> <w lemma="potamw%3D%7C">ποταμῷ</w>.

<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcantes">πράξαντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmhtri%2Fw%7C">Δημητρίῳ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="u%28pota%2Fcantes">ὑποτάξαντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuriw%3Dn">Ἰλλυριῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="periqe%2Fntes">περιθέντες</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nexw%2Frhsan">ἀνεχώρησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29epi%2Fdamnon">Ἐπίδαμνον</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flw%7C">στόλῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="pezikh%3D%7C">πεζικῇ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmei">δυνάμει</w>.

At about the same time one of the Consuls, Gnaeus Fulvius, sailed out from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> with the two hundred ships, while the other, Aulus Postumius, left with the land forces.

Gnaeus\' first intention had been to make for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a>, as he supposed he would find the siege still undecided.

On discovering that he was too late, he none the less sailed for that island, wishing on the one hand to find out accurately what had happened about the city, and on the other hand to put to a test the sincerity of communications made to him by Demetrius.

Accusations had been brought against the latter, and being in fear of Teuta he sent messages to the Romans undertaking to hand over to them the city and whatever else was under his charge.

The Corcyreans were much relieved to see the Romans arrive, and they gave up the Illyrian garrison to them with the consent of Demetrius. They unanimously accepted the Romans' invitation to place themselves under their protection, considering this the sole means of assuring for the future their safety from the violence of the Illyrians.

The Romans, having admitted the Corcyreans to their friendship, set sail for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a>, Demetrius in future acting as their guide.

Simultaneously Postumius was bringing across from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Brundisium&groupId=411&placeId=762">Brundisium</a> the land forces consisting of about twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse.

On the two forces uniting at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a> and on the people of that city likewise agreeing to put themselves under Roman protection, they at once set off again, hearing that Epidamnus was being besieged.

The Illyrians, on hearing of the approach of the Romans, hastily broke up the siege and fled.

The Romans, taking Epidamnus also under their protection, advanced into the interior of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, subduing the Ardiaeans on their way.

Many embassies met them, among them one from the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parthini&groupId=846&placeId=1527">Parthini</a> offering unconditional surrender. They admitted this tribe to their friendship as well as the Atintanes, and advanced towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> which was also being besieged by the Illyrians.

On their arrival they forced the enemy to raise the siege and took the Issaeans also under their protection.

The fleet too took several Illyrian cities by assault as they sailed along the coast, losing, however, at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Nutria&groupId=800&placeId=1445">Nutria</a> not only many soldiers, but some of their military tribunes and their quaestor.

They also captured twenty boats which were conveying the plunder from the country.

Of the besiegers of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> those now in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a> were allowed, through Demetrius\' influence, to remain there unhurt, while the others dispersed and took refuge at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Arbo&groupId=353&placeId=676">Arbo</a>.

Teuta, with only a few followers, escaped to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhizon&groupId=930&placeId=1664">Rhizon</a>, a place strongly fortified at a distance from the sea and situated on the river <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhizon&groupId=930&placeId=1664">Rhizon</a>.

After accomplishing so much and placing the greater part of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> under the rule of Demetrius, thus making him an important potentate, the Consuls returned to Epidamnus with the fleet and army.

Walbank Commentary

Overview

2.1.0 - 2.12.0

The First Illyrian War (229–8) This war is important to P.'s main theme (2. 2), as it first brought the Romans east of the Adriatic. For the greater part (2–6. 8, 9–10) his source is apparently Greek, and the narrative is strongly prejudiced against Aetolia (cf. 2. 6–4. 5); but 8 and 11–12 represent a Roman tradition, which may well be Fabius (so most historians, e.g. Tubler, Beloch, Gelzer, Holleaux). Bung, 184–6, while accepting Fabius as a possible source for 11–12, is impressed by Bauer, who (AEM, 1895, 136–47) rather improbably associates the pro-Roman version of 8 with the propagandist account of the affair given by Roman legati in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a> (12. 4). There are secondary accounts in Dio, fg. 49 (cf. Zon. viii. 19), very unreliable, and App. Ill. 7–8 (wellinformed on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, but contaminated by annalistic inventions); see Holleaux, 78 n. 2 (worthlessness of Dio); Fluss, RE, 'Teuta', cols. 1140–2; Zippel, 46 ff. On the war in general see Holleaux, tudes, iv. 9–25 (= REG, 1930, 243–61), for chronology; CAH, vii. 822 ff. (with bibliography, 931–3); E. Badian, BSA, 1952, 72–93 with bibliography; G. Walser, Historia, ii, 1954, 308–18 (preferring Appian to P.); Thiel, Hist. 344 ff. (arguing against Holleaux that the Senate was seeking a chance to intervene). The article by E. Badian mentioned here and passim is BSR, 1952, 72–93.

2.11.5 - 2.11.12

Illyrian towns and tribes join <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> (§ 5), <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a> (§ 8), Epidamnus (§ 10), the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parthini&groupId=846&placeId=1527">Parthini</a> (§ 11), the Atintanes (§ 11), and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> (§ 12) made acts of deditio to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. P. here translates fides by <w lang="el-GR">πίστις</w>, amicitia by <w lang="el-GR">Φιλία</w>; on the latter relationship, which came into existence with the act of deditio, but did not necessarily imply the making of a foedus, see A. Heuss (Grundlagen, 78–83). All (except <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>, on which see below) feature in the treaty of 215 between Philip V and Hannibal as if subject to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (vii. 9. 13). Their subsequent status is not, however, wholly clear. Tubler's belief (i. 25) that they received libertas precaria by a Roman decree (so too Holleaux, CAH, vii. 836) has been refuted by the arguments of Heuss (Grundlagen), demolishing the conception of a category of dediticii with precaria libertas. That they were free is confirmed by App. Ill. 8, '<w lang="el-GR">Ῥωμαῖοι . . . Κέρκυραν μὲν καὶ Ἀπολλωνίαν ἀΦῆκαν ἐλευθέρας</w> (which will hardly be true of just these two states alone), cf. Mac. 1 (on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a>), <w lang="el-GR">Ῥωμαίοις συνέμαχει</w>. De Sanctis (iii. 1. 301) argued that <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>, Dyrrhachium (Epidamnus) and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a> were made socii, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> with a foedus aequum, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> a ciuitas sine foedere libera et immunis. But there is no evidence for any foedus, except with Pinnes. <milestone unit="page" n="161">[161]</milestone> Details are as follows: <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a>, and Epidamnus retained coining rights, and minted victoriates, drachmae, those for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> having the inscription <emph rend="bold">ROMA</emph> (cf. Mommsen, Geschichte des römischen Mnzwesens (Berlin, 1860), 394 ff.; Zippel, 90; B.M.C. Rom. Rep., ii. 196–7). It is convincingly argued by Badian (BSR, 1952, 80 n. 5) that these coins were struck by <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> at the request of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, 'probably . . . to pay Roman troops in the East'; cf. De Sanctis (iii. 1. 302 n. 97), who emphasizes the Greek initials of the minting magistrate. Pliny, Nat. hist. iv. 52, refers to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> as a free city; but the coarse remark recorded by Strabo, vii, fg. 8, <w lang="el-GR">έλευθέρα Κόρκυρα, χέζ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">ὅπου θέλεις</w>, may go back to the fourth century or earlier, either 426 (Bursian, ii. 362 n. 2), 372 (De Sanctis, iii. 1. 302 n. 97) or perhaps 353, when the anti-Athenian party was in power (Dem. xxiv. 202). <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a> (see above for App. Ill. 8) now became the main point for the landing of Roman armies east of the Adriatic (e.g. Livy, xxxi. 18. 9, 40. 6, xlii. 18. 3, etc.), though in 205 P. Sempronius landed at Epidamnus (subsequently called Dyrrhachium: Pliny, Nat. hist. iii. 145), as did M. Lucretius in 171 (Livy, xxix. 12. 3, xlii. 48. 7). <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> later contributed a useful naval contingent to the Roman fleet (Livy, xxxi. 45. 10, xxxii. 21. 27, xxxvii. 16. 8, xlii. 48. 8). The setting up of this protectorate (the extent of which should not be exaggerated; Badian, BSR, 1952, 78) ensured command of the straits against further piracy. Its basis was the loose relationship of amicitia, which applied the Roman concept of clientela in the sphere of foreign policy. 'The freedom of the Illyrian cities . . . leads directly to the Isthmian proclamation (sc. of 196)' (Badian, op. cit. 81). Against Holleaux's thesis (<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, 109–12) that the Romans were looking beyond <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> to Macedon see the compelling arguments of Cary (History, 406), who shows how little the Adriatic concerned the Antigonids prior to Philip V.

2.11.7 - 2.11.7

Roman land forces. These 20,000 foot and 2,000 horse, like Fulvius' 200 ships (11. 1), indicate the serious Roman view of the war. But Holleaux is not convincing (<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, 102 n. 3) in his thesis not only <milestone unit="page" n="162">[162]</milestone> that these preparations preceded the death of Demetrius II (as they did) but that they were designed to meet a possible Macedonian attack in support of the Illyrians; cf. Badian, BSR, 1952, 76–77.

Specifics

2.11.1 - 2.11.1

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καιρούς</w>:</emph> cf. 2. 1 n. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Γνάιος μὲν Φόλουιος? . . . Αὖλος δὲ Ποστόμιος</w>:</emph> Cn. Fulvius Cn.f. Cn.n. Centumalus and L. Postumius A.f. A.n. Albinus, the consuls for A.U.C. 525 = 229/8 B.C. The correct praenomen is attested for Postumius by Livy, xxii. 35. 6, xxiii. 24. 3, and by the Fast. Cap. P.'s error in giving him his father's praenomen may go back to an error in Fabius or, more probably (cf. Bung, 186 n. 2), is attributable to a MS. fault. See Mnzer, RE, 'Fulvius (42)', col. 235; 'Postumius (40)', col. 912; Beloch, iv. 1. 665.

2.11.4 - 2.11.4

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐν διαβολαῖς ὤν</w>:</emph> Treves (Athen., 1934, 389–90) argued that Demetrius had already made contact with the envoys of 230, who at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> were not far from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a>. But Badian (BSA, 1952, 77 n. 19) points out that P. clearly distinguishes his contacts with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> from the disfavour which led to them, and suggests that Demetrius may have been intriguing to obtain the guardianship of Pinnes (which he subsequently obtained by marrying Triteuta; Dio, fg. 53).

2.11.5 - 2.11.5

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρακληθέντες</w>:</emph> 'encouraging each other' (Ernesti, Schweighaeuser, Treves, who makes it reinforce <w lang="el-GR">ὁμοθυμαδόν)</w>, or 'invited (by the Romans)' (Casaubon, Paton, Niese (ii. 283 n. 2)). Schweighaeuser argues that subsequent events showed that Roman exhortation was unnecessary; but the Corcyraeans would not know the procedure of deditio without some explanation and encouragement (for Greek confusion on this matter cf. xx. 9. 10 ff., xxxvi. 4). Hence the second version is preferable. (It carries no implications for a Roman policy of imperialism, as Kolbe, S.-B. Heidelberg, 1933/4, 4, 27 n. 3.) The views here attributed to the Corcyraeans <w lang="el-GR">(μίαν . . . ἀσΦάλειαν)</w> are part of the Roman propagandist version of events. M. H. Crawford (RRC, i. 7 n. 2) rejects the view that the ROMA victoriates and quinarii are Corcyraean coins; they have every appearance of being Roman coins struck in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> (subsequent to the introduction of the denarius in 211) and so have no relevance here. R. Thomsen, ERC, ii. 375 ff., thinks victoriates may have been minted to finance the Roman campaigns in the First Macedonian War; but see, on this, Crawford, RRC, ii. 628–30.

2.11.10 - 2.11.10

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς εἴσω τόπους τῆς Ἰλλυρίδος</w>:</emph> not the inland districts, but those parts of Teuta's kingdom lying in the farther recesses of the Adriatic (Zippel, 51); cf. Zon. viii. 19, <w lang="el-GR">τὰ χωρία πορθησάντων τὰ πάραλα</w>. The Ardiaei (the tribe to which the royal family belonged: Dio, fg. 49. 2) were at this time widely extended, and the Romans will not have sailed as far as the Narenta (modern Neretva), their original home; Tomaschek, RE, 'Ardiaioi', col. 615. The fate of the Ardiaeans whom the Romans reduced is uncertain; they were perhaps assigned to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parthini&groupId=846&placeId=1527">Parthini</a> or to Demetrius of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a> (Badian, BSR, 1952, 78 n. 26). Hammond, Epirus, 598 n. 1 (cf. JRS, 1968, 6 n. 21) argues, probably rightly, that the meaning is 'the inland districts', not 'the districts in the farther recesses of the Adriatic'.

2.11.11 - 2.11.11

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Παρθίνων . . . Ἀτιντάνων</w>:</emph> the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parthini&groupId=846&placeId=1527">Parthini</a> seem to have occupied the hinterland of Dyrrhachium, as far south as the Apsus (modern Devol), and eastward towards Lake Lychnidos (Dio, xli. 49. 2; xlii. 10. 1; App. Bell. civ. v. 75; Strabo, vii. 326; Livy, xliv. 30. 13). See Tomaschek, RE, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Parthini&groupId=846&placeId=1527">Parthini</a>', cols. 2029 ff. The Atintanes (see 5. 6 n.) dwelt inland behind <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apollonia&groupId=1066&placeId=1873">Apollonia</a> and Oricum, as far south as Dodona (Ps.-Scyl. 26, a corrupt passage). Thus <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Atintania&groupId=381&placeId=719">Atintania</a> included the lower <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aous&groupId=338&placeId=656">Aous</a> valley, along with that of the Drynos, and the fortress-town of Antigoneia (Tepeleni); cf. 5. 6 n. Hammond, JRS, 1966, 53, distinguishes this people (cf. vii. 9. 13) from the Atintanes of 5, 8, locating the latter in central Epirus, but this people north of the Genusus (Shkumbi) near Dyrrhachium (cf. Polyaen. iv. 11. 4).

2.11.12 - 2.11.12

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς Ἰσσαίους</w>:</emph> cf. Zon. viii. 19. The siege lasted from autumn 230 (8. 5) until midsummer, 229; there is no need to assume a break after the Roman dmarche and a resumption after Paxos, with Treves (Athen., 1934, 387 n. 1). The absence of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> from the treaty of 215 (vii. 9. 13–14) gives no grounds for accepting any part of the annalistic account of the preliminaries of the war (8. 3 n.) (so Zippel, 47. 92–93; De Sanctis, iii. 1. 301 n. 96) nor yet for assuming a foedus aequum with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (De Sanctis, ibid.). See Holleaux, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, 106 n. 3.

2.11.13 - 2.11.13

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">περὶ Νουτρίαν</w>:</emph> Dio, fg. 49. 7, <w lang="el-GR">περὶ τὸν Ἀτύριον λόφον</w>. Both names are unknown. Bauer (AEM, 1895, 147) regards P.'s form as a corruption of that in Dio.

2.11.14 - 2.11.14

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἀποκομιζόντων τὴν ἐκ τῆς χώρας ὠφέλειαν</w>:</emph> 'carrying away booty taken in the countryside' (Shuckburgh; Schweighaeuser S.V. <w lang="el-GR">ὠΦέλεια</w> in his Lex. Polyb., though in his note ad loc. he translates 'qui fructus ex agris deuehebant', and is therein followed by Paton, 'which were conveying away agricultural produce to save it from pillage'). <w lang="el-GR">ὠΦέλεια</w> is very common meaning 'plunder' (e.g. i. 20. 1, ii. 3. 8, 8. 8, 22. 5, etc.) and is used as a technical expression in Philip V's military code (Feyel, Rev. arch. 6, 1935, 31), whereas it is not paralleled in the sense of 'produce'. Cf. too Zon. viii. 19, <w lang="el-GR">πλοῖα . . . μετὰ χρημάτων ἐκ Πελοπον</w>v<w lang="el-GR">ήσου προσπλέο</w>v<w lang="el-GR">τα</w> (though <w lang="el-GR">ἐκ τῆς χώρας</w> can hardly refer to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>).

2.11.15 - 2.11.15

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οἱ ἐν τῇ Φάρῳ</w>:</emph> <w lang="el-GR">ἡ Φάρος</w> is the town in P. (iii. 18. 2, 18. 7, 19. 12), <w lang="el-GR">ὁ Φάρος</w> the island (v. 108. 7). Polaschek, RE, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a> (2)', col. 1860. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰς τὸν Ἄρβωνα</w>:</emph> on Albanopolis see S. Islami, Iliria, 2 (1972), 217–37, 'La ville illyrienne Zgrdhesh de Kruje'. <milestone unit="page" n="163">[163]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰς τὸν Ἄρβωνα</w>:</emph> unknown. Tomaschek (RE, 'Arbon', col. 419) suggests a connexion with Albanopolis (Ptol. Geog. iii. 12. 20), modern Arbun, near Kruja (which Anna Comnena (xiii. 5) calls <w lang="el-GR">τὸ Ἀρβανόν)</w>; this would be the earliest reference to the modern name 'Albania'. But it seems more probable that this is a distorted reference to Narona, a Dalmatian town opposite <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a>, and near the sea (Pliny, Nat. hist. iii. 142; further references and sketch-map in M. Fluss, RE, 'Narona', cols. 1743–55; 'Teuta', col. 1146), as Schweighaeuser suggested.

2.11.16 - 2.11.16

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰς τὸν Ῥίζονα</w>:</emph> modern Risano, at the head of the Bay of Cattaro, which P. (like Ps.-Scylax, 24) calls <w lang="el-GR">ὁ Ῥίζων ποταμός</w>; cf. Apoll. Rhod. iv. 516; Steph. Byz.: <w lang="el-GR">Βουθόη, ἔχει δ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">ἐπὶ τοῦ μυχοῦ Ῥίζονα πόλιν καὶ ποταμὸν ὁμώνυμον</w>, where, however, the gulf and the <w lang="el-GR">ποταμός</w> seem to be distinguished. Hence it is argued by D. Vouksan (Albania, 1932, 77 n. 1, plan on p. 78) that 'la rivire, dont la source se trouve aujourd'hui dans une caverne situe au-dessus de Risan, devait tre alors plus abondante que de nos jours et traverser la ville ancienne qui s'tendait en partie sur un emplacement que la mer a maintenant conquis'. But this hardly fits P. and Ps.-Scylax. See in general Oberhummer, RE, <w lang="el-GR">Ῥίζων</w>, cols. 937–9. The words <w lang="el-GR">ἀνακεχωρηκὸς ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης</w> signify 'at a distance from the sea', i.e. at the head of the gulf (or supposed river), rather than 'high up above the sea' on a craggy eminence (Treves).

2.11.17 - 2.11.17

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μεγάλην αὐτῷ περιθέντες δυναστείαν</w>:</emph> P. is clearly thinking of a long-term settlement, and not a mere temporary arrangement (so Badian, BSR, 1952, 79); but he exaggerates Demetrius' <w lang="el-GR">δυναστεία</w> (contrast App. Ill. 8, <w lang="el-GR">Δημητρίῳ δ</w>f <w lang="el-GR">ἔστιν ἃ χωρία μισθὸν ἔδοσαν τῆς προδοσίας)</w>. Its extent is unknown; but until he increased his power by marrying Triteuta, Pinnes' mother (4. 7 n; Dio, fg. 53) he probably possessed little more than <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a> and a few coastal places (Beloch, iv. 1. 666; Holleaux, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, 105; CAH, vii. 835; Badian, op. cit. 80), which joined <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> after Teuta's flight from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>. These possessions can hardly have extended as far south as Lissus (De Sanctis, iii. 1. 302 n. 98); cf. Gitti (Bull. comm. Rom., 1935, 14), who, however, includes the Ardiaei in Demetrius' domains.

Addenda & corrigenda

2.2.0 - 2.12.0

the article by E. Badian mentioned here and passim is BSR, 1952, 72–93.

2.11.11 - 2.11.11

<emph rend="bold">11. 11. <w lang="el-GR">Ἀτιντάνων</w>:</emph> Hammond, JRS, 1966, 53, distinguishes this people (cf. vii. 9. 13) from the Atintanes of 5, 8, locating the latter in central Epirus, but this people north of the Genusus (Shkumbi) near Dyrrhachium (cf. Polyaen. iv. 11. 4).

2.2.0 - 2.12.0

in the sub-title, for '(231–228)' read '(229–8)'.

2.11.5 - 2.11.5

M. H. Crawford (RRC, i. 7 n. 2) rejects the view that the ROMA victoriates and quinarii are Corcyraean coins; they have every appearance of being Roman coins struck in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> (subsequent to the introduction of the denarius in 211) and so have no relevance here. R. Thomsen, ERC, ii. 375 ff., thinks victoriates may have been minted to finance the Roman campaigns in the First Macedonian War; but see, on this, Crawford, RRC, ii. 628–30.

2.11.10 - 2.11.10

<emph rend="bold">11. 10. <w lang="el-GR">τοὺς εἴσω τόπους τῆς Ἰλλυρίδος</w>:</emph> Hammond, Epirus, 598 n. 1 (cf. JRS, 1968, 6 n. 21) argues, probably rightly, that the meaning is 'the inland districts', not 'the districts in the farther recesses of the Adriatic'.

2.11.15 - 2.11.15

<emph rend="bold">11. 15. <w lang="el-GR">εἰς τὸν Ἄρβωνα</w>:</emph> on Albanopolis see S. Islami, Iliria, 2 (1972), 217–37, 'La ville illyrienne Zgrdhesh de Kruje'.

Polybius, Histories

Bibliography

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Walbank Commentary

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