Polybius, Histories

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Book 18 - Chapter 22

1
<w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpot%27">οὐδέποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fsas">ἐλπίσας</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnhn">ἐκείνην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerh%3D">ὁλοσχερῆ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnas">προειρημένας</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>, <w lemma="a%29feikw%5Cs">ἀφεικὼς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftuxe">ἔτυχε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="xortologi%2Fan">χορτολογίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="punqano%2Fmenos">πυνθανόμενος</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonta">συμβαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diapostellome%2Fnwn">διαποστελλομένων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%29mi%2Fxlhs">ὀμίχλης</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="diafainou%2Fshs">διαφαινούσης</w>, <w lemma="parakale%2Fsas">παρακαλέσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fdhn">Ἡρακλείδην</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Agurtw%2Fnion">Γυρτώνιον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dto">ἡγεῖτο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettalikh%3Ds">Θετταλικῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppou">ἵππου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ale%2Fonta">Λέοντα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppa%2Frxhn">ἱππάρχην</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpempe">ἐξέπεμπε</w>, <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnago%2Fran">Ἀθηναγόραν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%7Ckw%3Dn">Θρᾳκῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="sunaya%2Fntwn">συναψάντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fais">ἐφεδρείαις</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosgenome%2Fnhs">προσγενομένης</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fsi">Μακεδόσι</w> <w lemma="barei%2Fas">βαρείας</w> <w lemma="xeiro%2Fs">χειρός</w>, <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fkeinto">ἐνέκειντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois:">πολεμίοις·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Flaunon">ἤλαυνον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkrwn">ἄκρων</w>.
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<w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29mpo%2Fdion">ἐμπόδιον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tre%2Fyasqai">τρέψασθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerw%3Ds">ὁλοσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlikw%3Dn">Αἰτωλικῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fa:">φιλοτιμία·</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnu">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29kqu%2Fmws">ἐκθύμως</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parabo%2Flws">παραβόλως</w> <w lemma="e%29kindu%2Fneuon">ἐκινδύνευον</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr">γάρ</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pezikoi%3Ds">πεζικοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29llipei%3Ds">ἐλλιπεῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29si">εἰσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kaqoplismw%3D%7C">καθοπλισμῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcei">συντάξει</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerei%3Ds">ὁλοσχερεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppikoi%3Ds">ἱππικοῖς</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Frousi">διαφέρουσι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="be%2Fltion">βέλτιον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnois">κινδύνοις</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="parakatasxo%2Fntwn">παρακατασχόντων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifora%5Cn">ἐπιφορὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29ke%2Fti">οὐκέτι</w> <w lemma="sunhla%2Fsqhsan">συνηλάσθησαν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdous">ἐπιπέδους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29posxo%2Fntes">ἀποσχόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsthsan">ἔστησαν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Ftos">Τίτος</w>, <w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w> <w lemma="e%29gkekliko%2Ftas">ἐγκεκλικότας</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ptohme%2Fnhn">ἐπτοημένην</w>, <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dge">ἐξῆγε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="stra%2Fteuma">στράτευμα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbale">παρενέβαλε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="bounoi%3Ds">βουνοῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteros">ἕτερος</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frw%7C">ἑτέρῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fas">ἐφεδρείας</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqei">ἔθει</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w>, <w lemma="a%29nabow%3Dn">ἀναβοῶν</w> "<w lemma="%2Abasileu%3D">Βασιλεῦ</w>, <w lemma="feu%2Fgousin">φεύγουσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmioi:">πολέμιοι·</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="parh%3D%7Cs">παρῇς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn:">καιρόν·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnousin">μένουσιν</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frbaroi:">βάρβαροι·</w> <w lemma="sh%5C">σὴ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fra">ἡμέρα</w>, <w lemma="so%5Cs">σὸς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fs">καιρός</w>." <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="eu%29dokou%2Fmenon">εὐδοκούμενον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhqh%3Dnai">ἐκκληθῆναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnoi">προειρημένοι</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffoi">λόφοι</w> <w lemma="kalou%3Dntai">καλοῦνται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Akuno%5Cs">Κυνὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Akefalai%2F">Κεφαλαί</w>, <w lemma="traxei%3Ds">τραχεῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="perikeklasme%2Fnoi">περικεκλασμένοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fyos">ὕψος</w> <w lemma="i%28kano%5Cn">ἱκανὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29natei%2Fnontes">ἀνατείνοντες</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proorw%2Fmenos">προορώμενος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dusxrhsti%2Fan">δυσχρηστίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="h%28rmo%2Fzeto">ἡρμόζετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dna:">ἀγῶνα·</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parormhqei%5Cs">παρορμηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolh%5Cn">ὑπερβολὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29elpisti%2Fas">εὐελπιστίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ggello%2Fntwn">ἀγγελλόντων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Flkein">ἕλκειν</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggelle">παρήγγελλε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frakos">χάρακος</w>.
Philip, who had never expected, for the reasons I have stated, that a general engagement would take place on that day, had even sent out a fair number of men from his camp to forage,
and now when he heard of the turn affairs were taking from the messengers, and as the mist was beginning to clear, he called upon Heraclides of Gyrton, the commander of the Thessalian horse, and Leo, who was in command of the Macedonian horse, and dispatched them, together with all the mercenaries except those from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thrace&groupId=1030&placeId=509">Thrace</a>, under the command of Athenagoras.
Upon their joining the covering force the Macedonians, having received such a large reinforcement, pressed hard on the enemy and in their turn began to drive the Romans from their heights.
But the chief obstacle to their putting the enemy entirely to rout was the high spirit of the Aetolian cavalry who fought with desperate gallantry.
For as much as the Aetolian infantry is inferior in the equipment and discipline required for a general engagement, by so much is their cavalry superior to that of other Greeks in detached and single combats.
Thus on the present occasion they so far checked the spirit of the enemy's advance that the Romans were not as before driven down to the level ground, but when they were at a short distance from it turned and steadied themselves.
Flamininus, upon seeing that not only had his light infantry and cavalry given way, but that his whole army was flustered owing to this, led out all his forces and drew them up in order of battle close to the hills.
At the same time one messenger after another from the covering force came running to Philip shouting, "Sire, the enemy are flying: do not lose the opportunity: the barbarians cannot stand before us: the day is yours now: this is your time";
so that Philip, though he was not satisfied with the ground, still allowed himself to be provoked to do battle. The above-mentioned hills are, I should say, called "The Dog's Heads" (Cynoscephalae): they are very rough and broken and attain a considerable height.
Philip, therefore, foreseeing what difficulties the ground would present, was at first by no means disposed to fight, but now urged on by these excessively sanguine reports he ordered his army to be led out of the entrenched camp.