Polybius, Histories
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Book 16 - Chapter 23

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<head lang="la">V. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwn">Σκιπίων</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dken">ἧκεν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhs">Λιβύης</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prosdoki%2Fas">προσδοκίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29kolou%2Fqou">ἀκολούθου</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="mege%2Fqei">μεγέθει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fantasi%2Fan">φαντασίαν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fn">αὐτόν</w>.
3
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntws:">καθηκόντως·</w>
4
<w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fsantes">ἐλπίσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbalei%3Dn">ἐκβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29potri%2Fyasqai">ἀποτρίψασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntes">δοκοῦντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbou">φόβου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsews">περιστάσεως</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrw%3Dn">ἐχθρῶν</w>, <w lemma="u%28perbolh%5Cn">ὑπερβολὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flipon">κατέλιπον</w> <w lemma="xara%3Ds">χαρᾶς</w>. <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="qri%2Fambon">θρίαμβον</w> <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dge">εἰσῆγε</w>,
5
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sagome%2Fnwn">εἰσαγομένων</w> <w lemma="e%29nergei%2Fas">ἐνεργείας</w> <w lemma="mimnhsko%2Fmenoi">μιμνησκόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="progegono%2Ftwn">προγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnwn">κινδύνων</w> <w lemma="e%29kpaqei%3Ds">ἐκπαθεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="qeou%5Cs">θεοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29xaristi%2Fan">εὐχαριστίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fths">τηλικαύτης</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w>.
6
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffac">Σόφαξ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amasaisuli%2Fwn">Μασαισυλίων</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fxqh">ἤχθη</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="qria%2Fmbw%7C">θριάμβῳ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalw%2Ftwn:">αἰχμαλώτων·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%2F">μετά</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="fulakh%3D%7C">φυλακῇ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="meth%2Fllace">μετήλλαξε</w>.
7
<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="suntelesqe%2Fntwn">συντελεσθέντων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%5Cs">πολλὰς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dgon">ἦγον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="panhgu%2Freis">πανηγύρεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanw%3Ds">ἐπιφανῶς</w>, <w lemma="xorhgo%5Cn">χορηγὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwnos">Σκιπίωνος</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w>.
<head>V. Affairs of Italy</head><head>Scipio returns to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. His Triumph.</head>Publius Scipio arrived from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Africa&groupId=300&placeId=294">Africa</a> not long after the above date.
As the eagerness with which he was awaited by the people corresponded to the greatness of his achievements, the splendour of his reception and his popularity with the commons were both very great.
And this was quite natural, reasonable, and proper.
For while they had never hoped to expel Hannibal from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> and be quit of the danger which menaced themselves and those dearest to them, the thought that now they were assuredly not only free from all fear and peril but that they had overcome their foes caused a joy that knew no bounds.
And when he entered <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> in triumph, they were reminded more vividly of their former peril by the actual spectacle of the contents of the procession, and expressed with passionate fervour their thanks to the gods and their love for him who had brought about so great a change.
For among the prisoners led through the town in the triumph was <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a>, king of the Masaesylii, who shortly afterwards died in prison.
After the termination of the triumph the Roman populace continued for many days to celebrate games and hold festival, the funds for the purpose being provided by the bounty of Scipio.

Walbank Commentary

Specifics
16.23.1 - 16.23.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οὐ πολὺ κατόπιν τῶν προειρημένων καιρῶν</w>:</emph> the point of reference is lost. </p>
16.23.5 - 16.23.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν θρίαμβον εἰσῆγε</w>:</emph> 'de Hannibale et Poenis et Syphace' (Livy, xxxviii. 46, 10, cf. 51. 14). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τῆς τῶν εἰσαγομένων ἐνεργείας</w>:</emph> 'the spectacle of the prisoners who formed the procession'; Schweighaeuser and Paton both take <w lang="el-GR">τῶν εἰσαγομένων</w> as neuter, but in favour of treating it as masculine (with Shuckburgh) is the reference to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> in § 6. Moreover, persons would be more likely to remind spectators of their perils than would mere spoils. <milestone unit="page" n="528">[528]</milestone> </p>
16.23.6 - 16.23.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὁ Σόφαξ</w>:</emph> cf. xi. 24 a 4 n., and xiv and xv passim. A different version is given by Livy's source: cf. Livy, xxx. 45. 4–5, 'morte subtractus spectaculo magis hominum quam triumphantis gloriae <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> est, Tiburi haud ita multo ante mortuus, quo ab Alba traductus fuerat. conspecta tamen mors eius fuit quia publico funere est elatus. hunc regem in triumpho ductum Polybius, haudquaquam spernendus auctor, tradit'. </p>
16.23.7 - 16.23.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">χορηγὸν . . . τὴν Σκιπίωνος μεγαλοψυχίαν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxx. 45. 3, 'argenti tulit in aerarium pondo centum uiginti tria milia. militibus ex praeda quadringenos aeris diuisit'. </p>

Commentary