Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 14 - Chapter 8

1
<w lemma="%2A%28%3Dwn">Ὧν</w> <w lemma="diasafhqe%2Fntwn">διασαφηθέντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcodon">ἔξοδον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcas">συντάξας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="poliorkou%3Dsi">πολιορκοῦσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itu%2Fkhn">Ἰτύκην</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29cw%2Frmhse">ἐξώρμησε</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="stra%2Fteuma">στράτευμα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fzwnon">εὔζωνον</w>.
2
<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenos">ἀφικόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pemptai%3Dos">πεμπταῖος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amega%2Fla">Μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsas">συνεγγίσας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffou">λόφου</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tria%2Fkonta">τριάκοντα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="a%29posxw%5Cn">ἀποσχὼν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>,
3
<w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="kataba%5Cs">καταβὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fmenos">προθέμενος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28pta%5C">ἑπτὰ</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fois">σταδίοις</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbale">παρενέβαλε</w>.
4
<w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fnantes">μείναντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fa">βραχέα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29krobolismw%3Dn">ἀκροβολισμῶν</w> <w lemma="katapeira%2Fsantes">καταπειράσαντες</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="teta%2Frth%7C">τετάρτῃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dgon">ἐξῆγον</w> <w lemma="a%29mfo%2Fteroi">ἀμφότεροι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fballon">παρενέβαλλον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>.
5
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="a%28plw%3Ds">ἁπλῶς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqhke">ἔθηκε</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28sta%2Ftwn">ἁστάτων</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftais">ταύταις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prigki%2Fpwn">πριγκίπων</w>, <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsthse">ἐπέστησε</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="triari%2Fwn:">τριαρίων·</w>
6
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italikou%5Cs">Ἰταλικοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqhke">ἔθηκε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amasanna%2Fsan">Μασαννάσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="laio%2Fn">λαιόν</w>.
7
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffaka">Σόφακα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhras">Κελτίβηρας</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsous">μέσους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftacan">ἔταξαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%2Fous">ἀντίους</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="spei%2Frais">σπείραις</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="eu%29wnu%2Fmou">εὐωνύμου</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deciw%3Dn">δεξιῶν</w>.
8
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdes">Νομάδες</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fklinan">ἐνέκλιναν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italikou%5Cs">Ἰταλικοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amasanna%2Fsan">Μασαννάσαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="prohtthme%2Fnoi">προηττημένοι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="yuxai%3Ds">ψυχαῖς</w>.
9
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhres">Κελτίβηρες</w> <w lemma="e%29ma%2Fxonto">ἐμάχοντο</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w>, <w lemma="susta%2Fntes">συστάντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>. <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgontes">φεύγοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fas">σωτηρίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29peiri%2Fan">ἀπειρίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="zwgri%2Fa%7C">ζωγρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="krathqe%2Fntes">κρατηθέντες</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29qesi%2Fan">ἀθεσίαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion:">Πόπλιον·</w>
10
<w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmion">πολέμιον</w> <w lemma="peponqo%2Ftes">πεπονθότες</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fa%7C">Ἰβηρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="e%29fai%2Fnonto">ἐφαίνοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraspo%2Fndws">παρασπόνδως</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkein">ἥκειν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summaxh%2Fsontes">συμμαχήσοντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w>.
11
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kli%3Dnai">κλῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="kuklwqe%2Fntes">κυκλωθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prigki%2Fpwn">πριγκίπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="triari%2Fwn">τριαρίων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kateko%2Fphsan">κατεκόπησαν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgwn">ὀλίγων</w>.
12
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhres">Κελτίβηρες</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Flonto">ἀπώλοντο</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> [<w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w>] <w lemma="parasxo%2Fmenoi">παρασχόμενοι</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fugh%2Fn">φυγήν</w>.
13
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mpo%2Fdion">ἐμπόδιον</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="podo%5Cs">ποδὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29kolou%2Fqhsan">ἠκολούθησαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgousi">φεύγουσι</w>, <w lemma="pantelw%3Ds">παντελῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgoi">ὀλίγοι</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffugon">διέφυγον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w>.
14
<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pista%2Fsews">ἐπιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffaka">Σόφακα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsanto">ἐποιήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxw%2Frhsin">ἀποχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diasw%7Czome%2Fnwn">διασῳζομένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w>.
When the news reached the Roman camp, Scipio at once prepared to advance against them, and after giving the necessary orders to the land and sea forces besieging Utica, he set out on his march, his whole force being in light marching order.
On the fifth day he reached the Great Plain, and on approaching the enemy encamped for the first day on a hill at a distance of thirty stades from them,
but on the next day came down from the hill, and placing his cavalry in front drew up his army at a distance of seven stades from the Carthaginians.
After remaining where they were for the two subsequent days and making trial of their strength by some slight skirmishing, on the fourth day both generals deliberately advanced their forces and arrayed them for battle.
Scipio simply followed the usual Roman practice of placing the maniples of hastati in front, behind them the principes, and hindmost of all the triarii.
He stationed his Italian cavalry on his right and the Numidians with Massanissa on the left.
<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> and Hasdrubal placed the Celtiberians in the centre opposite the Roman maniples, the Numidians on the left, and the Carthaginians on the right.
At the first encounter the Numidians gave way before the Italian horse and the Carthaginians before Massanissa, their courage having been broken by previous defeats, but the Celtiberians fought bravely holding out against the Romans.
For they neither had any hope of safety in flight owing to their ignorance of the country, nor could they expect to be spared if made prisoners, owing to their treachery to Scipio in thus coming to fight in the service of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> against the Romans in spite of his never having been guilty of any acts of hostility to them during his Spanish campaigns.
But when the wings gave way they were soon surrounded by the principes and triarii and cut to pieces where they stood except quite a few.
Thus perished the Celtiberians after proving of the greatest service to the Carthaginians not only in the battle but in the flight.
For if the Romans had not met with this obstacle, but had directly pursued the fugitives, very few of the enemy would have escaped.
But as it was, owing to this stand made by the Celtiberians, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> with his cavalry made his way safely back home and Hasdrubal also with the survivors of his force reached <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>.