Polybius, Histories

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Book 12 - Chapter 16

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<w lemma="%2Aneani%2Fskwn">Νεανίσκων</w> <w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="oi%29ke%2Ftou">οἰκέτου</w> <w lemma="diaferome%2Fnwn">διαφερομένων</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pai%3Dda">παῖδα</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="dusi%5C">δυσὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gro%5Cn">ἀγρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29lqo%2Fnta">ἐλθόντα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntos">παρόντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="despo%2Ftou">δεσπότου</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fas">βίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dkon">οἶκον</w> <w lemma="a%29phxe%2Fnai">ἀπηχέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dlon">δοῦλον</w>,
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<w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="ai%29sqo%2Fmenon">αἰσθόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29lqei%3Dn">ἐλθεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fan">οἰκίαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fnt%27">λαβόντ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fgein">ἀπάγειν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fnai">φάναι</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frion">κύριον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnta">διδόντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gguhta%2Fs:">ἐγγυητάς·</w>
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<w lemma="keleu%2Fein">κελεύειν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaleu%2Fkou">Ζαλεύκου</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtoume%2Fnwn">ἀμφισβητουμένων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fsews">κρίσεως</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frou">ἑτέρου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontos">φάσκοντος</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%2Fn">ἀγωγήν</w> — <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sw%3Dma">σῶμα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkein">ἥκειν</w> <w lemma="a%29pago%2Fmenon">ἀπαγόμενον</w> —
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prokaqhme%2Fnous">προκαθημένους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontas">ἄρχοντας</w> <w lemma="diaporou%3Dntas">διαποροῦντας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmatos">πράγματος</w> <w lemma="e%29pispa%2Fsasqai">ἐπισπάσασθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summetadou%3Dnai">συμμεταδοῦναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kosmopo%2Flidi">κοσμοπόλιδι</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diastei%2Flasqai">διαστείλασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w>, <w lemma="fh%2Fsanta">φήσαντα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxaton">ἔσχατον</w> <w lemma="a%29dh%2Friton">ἀδήριτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3D%7C">ᾖ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="gegono%5Cs">γεγονὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="diamfisbhtou%2Fmenon:">διαμφισβητούμενον·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29felo%2Fmenos">ἀφελόμενος</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fa%7C">βίᾳ</w> <w lemma="para%2F">παρά</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="a%29paga%2Fgh%7C">ἀπαγάγῃ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28to%2Fn">αὑτόν</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prou+pa%2Frxwn">προϋπάρχων</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dtai">ποιῆται</w> <w lemma="despo%2Fths">δεσπότης</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fan">κυρίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskou">νεανίσκου</w> <w lemma="deinopaqou%3Dntos">δεινοπαθοῦντος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontos">φάσκοντος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nomoqe%2Ftou">νομοθέτου</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w>, <w lemma="prokale%2Fsasqai%2F">προκαλέσασθαί</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kosmo%2Fpolin">κοσμόπολιν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="bou%2Fletai">βούλεται</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaleu%2Fkou">Ζαλεύκου</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqisa%2Fntwn">καθισάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fwn">χιλίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bro%2Fxwn">βρόχων</w> <w lemma="kremasqe%2Fntwn">κρεμασθέντων</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nomoqe%2Ftou">νομοθέτου</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs:">γνώμης·</w>
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<w lemma="o%28po%2Fteros">ὁπότερος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="fanh%3D%7C">φανῇ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dron">χεῖρον</w> <w lemma="e%29kdexo%2Fmenos">ἐκδεχόμενος</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29gxo%2Fnhs">ἀγχόνης</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fllusqai">ἀπόλλυσθαι</w> <w lemma="blepo%2Fntwn">βλεπόντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fwn">χιλίων</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="protei%2Fnantos">προτείναντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kosmopo%2Flidos">κοσμοπόλιδος</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskon">νεανίσκον</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="fasin">φασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fnison">ἄνισον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkhn:">συνθήκην·</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fth">ἔτη</w> <w lemma="du%2F%27">δύ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fa">τρία</w> <w lemma="katalei%2Fpesqai">καταλείπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn:">ζῆν·</w>
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<w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kosmo%2Fpolin">κοσμόπολιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="lei%3Dpon">λεῖπον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nenh%2Fkont%27">ἐνενήκοντ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29tw%3Dn:">ἐτῶν·</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fou">βίου</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgwn">εὐλόγων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnein">μένειν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskos">νεανίσκος</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="eu%29trapeleusa%2Fmenos">εὐτραπελευσάμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fluse">ἐξέλυσε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="spoudh%2Fn">σπουδήν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontes">ἄρχοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinan">ἔκριναν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kosmopo%2Flidos">κοσμοπόλιδος</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhn">γνώμην</w>.
There was a dispute at Locri between two young men about a slave. The slave had been with one of them for a considerable time,
and the other, two days before, had come in the absence of the master to the latter's country house and had forcibly carried off the slave to his own house.
The other young man, when he heard of it, came to the house, seized on the slave, and led him before the magistrates, to whom he maintained that upon his giving proper sureties, the boy ought to remain in his possession.
For he said the law of Zaleucus enjoins that in cases of disputed ownership the party from whom the property had been taken away or abducted should remain in possession until the trial.
The other claimant contended that according to the same law the abduction had been from him; for it was from his house that the slave had been taken and carried before the court.
The presiding magistrates were in doubt about the point and calling in the cosmopolis submitted it to him.
The cosmopolis defined the law as meaning that the abduction always was from the party who had last been in undisputed possession of the property for a certain time.
If anyone forcibly deprives another of property and carries it off to his own house, and if then the former owner comes and takes it away from him, this is not abduction within the meaning of the law.
When the young man upon this felt aggrieve and asserted that such was not the intention of the law-giver, they say that the cosmopolis invited him to state his case according to the law of Zaleucus.
This is that the two disputants should speak before the "thousand" on the subject of the law-giver's meaning,
each with a halter round his neck, and whichever of them appeared to interpret the law worst, should be hanged in the presence of the thousand.
Upon the cosmopolis making this offer, the young man said that the bargain was not a fair one.
For the one of them had only two or three years left to live, the cosmopolis being very nearly ninety years of age, whereas he himself in all likelihood had the most of his life still before him.
Thus the young man's ready wit relaxed the gravity of the court, but the magistrates followed the opinion of the cosmopolis in defining abduction.