Polybius, Histories

Translation

Book 10 - Chapter 34

<head lang="la">VI. Res Hispaniae</head><w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="strathgo%2Fs">στρατηγός</w>, <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraxeimasi%2Fan">παραχειμασίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Atarra%2Fkwni">Ταρράκωνι</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="dedhlw%2Fkamen">δεδηλώκαμεν</w>, <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nedh%2Fsato">ἐνεδήσατο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28mh%2Frwn">ὁμήρων</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="a%29podo%2Fsews">ἀποδόσεως</w>,

<w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="sunagwnisth%5Cn">συναγωνιστὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tau%29toma%2Ftou">ταὐτομάτου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29edekw%3Dna">Ἐδεκῶνα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29edetanw%3Dn">Ἐδετανῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fsthn">δυνάστην</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="prospesei%3Dn">προσπεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnos">Καρχηδόνος</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Flwsin">ἅλωσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frion">κύριον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gunaiko%5Cs">γυναικὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ui%28w%3Dn">υἱῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion">Πόπλιον</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="sullogisa%2Fmenos">συλλογισάμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29some%2Fnhn">ἐσομένην</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibh%2Frwn">Ἰβήρων</w> <w lemma="metabolh%5Cn">μεταβολὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxhgo%5Cs">ἀρχηγὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29boulh%2Fqh">ἐβουλήθη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%3Ds">ὁρμῆς</w>,

<w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnos">πεπεισμένος</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gunai%3Dka">γυναῖκα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fkna">τέκνα</w> <w lemma="komiei%3Dsqai">κομιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcein">δόξειν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn">ἀνάγκην</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="ai%28rei%3Dsqai">αἱρεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn:">Ῥωμαίων·</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>.

<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="diafeime%2Fnwn">διαφειμένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraxeimasi%2Fan">παραχειμασίαν</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dn">παρῆν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Atarra%2Fkwna">Ταρράκωνα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fwn">οἰκείων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w>.

<w lemma="e%29lqw%5Cn">ἐλθὼν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Apopli%2Fw%7C">Ποπλίῳ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qeoi%3Ds">θεοῖς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtos">πρῶτος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="dunastw%3Dn">δυναστῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkei">ἥκει</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fn">αὐτόν</w>.

<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="a%29kmh%5Cn">ἀκμὴν</w> <w lemma="diape%2Fmpesqai">διαπέμπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ble%2Fpein">βλέπειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="e%29ktei%2Fnein">ἐκτείνειν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois:">Ῥωμαίοις·</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paragegone%2Fnai">παραγεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="didou%5Cs">διδοὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="au%28to%2Fn">αὑτόν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous">φίλους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suggenei%3Ds">συγγενεῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>. <w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="nomisqh%3D%7C">νομισθῇ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flos">φίλος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmmaxos">σύμμαχος</w>,

<w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fcesqai">παρέξεσθαι</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w>.

<w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="qeasame%2Fnous">θεασαμένους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="prosdedegme%2Fnon">προσδεδεγμένον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teteuxo%2Fta">τετευχότα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29cioume%2Fnwn">ἀξιουμένων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fcein">ἥξειν</w>, <w lemma="spouda%2Fzontas">σπουδάζοντας</w> <w lemma="komi%2Fsasqai">κομίσασθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fous">ἀναγκαίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tuxei%3Dn">τυχεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fas:">συμμαχίας·</w>

<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="prokatalhfqe%2Fntas">προκαταληφθέντας</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fth%7C">τοιαύτῃ</w> <w lemma="timh%3D%7C">τιμῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fa%7C">φιλανθρωπίᾳ</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29profasi%2Fstous">ἀπροφασίστους</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frcein">ὑπάρξειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%2Floipa">κατάλοιπα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w>.

<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Fou">ἠξίου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gunai%3Dka">γυναῖκα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fkna">τέκνα</w> <w lemma="komi%2Fsasqai">κομίσασθαι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kriqei%5Cs">κριθεὶς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flos">φίλος</w> <w lemma="e%29panelqei%3Dn">ἐπανελθεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5Cn">ἀφορμὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Flogon">εὔλογον</w> <w lemma="e%29napodei%2Fchtai">ἐναποδείξηται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fs">εἴς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion">Πόπλιον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w>.

<w lemma="%2A%29edekw%5Cn">Ἐδεκὼν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dta">τοιαῦτα</w>

<head>Incident in Hannibal\'s attempt to capture Salapia after the above event</head><head>VI. Affairs of Spain</head>In <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> Publius Scipio, the Roman commander, who, as I above stated, was wintering at Tarraco, first of fal secured the confidence and friendship of the Iberians by the restoration of the hostages to their respective homes,

availing himself in the matter of the assistance voluntarily proffered by Edeco the prince of the Edetani, who on receiving the news of the capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=New Carthage&groupId=791&placeId=1430">New Carthage</a> and learning that his wife and sons were in Scipio\'s power, at once anticipated the change that would take place in the attitude of the Iberians and desired to be leader of this movement, chiefly owing to his conviction that by this reason he would recover the part of the Romans not under compulsion but deliberately. And this proved to be so.

For just after the troops had been dispersed to their winter quarters he appeared at Tarraco with his relatives and friends.

Seeking an interview with Scipio he said he gave thanks to Heaven that he was the first of the Spanish princes to come to him.

The others, he said, were still communicating with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> and looking to that quarter, while at the same time stretching out their hands to the Romans, but he himself had come in and put not only his own person but his friends and relatives at the mercy of the Romans.

So, if Scipio would regard him as a friend and ally, he would be of the greatest service to him both at present and in the future.

For the Iberians at once, upon seeing that he had been received into Scipio\'s friendship and that his requests had been granted, would all come with the same object, desirous of recovering their relatives and securing the alliance of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>,

and their affections would be so much engaged for the future by such honour and kindness that they would unreservedly co-operate with Scipio in the rest of his operations.

He therefore begged that his wife and children might be restored to him and that before returning to his home he should be pronounced to be a friend, so that he might have a plausible pretext for displaying by every means in his power the goodwill that he himself and his friends bore to Scipio and the Roman cause.

Walbank Commentary

Overview

10.33.0 - 10.40.0

Consolidation in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>: the battle of Baecula (208) This fragment, from F, is from the res Hispaniae for Ol. 142, 4 = 209/8 B.C.; see above, p. 15. An account of the same events in Livy, xxvii. 17–20 is close to P., but has some details, especially for the battle of Baecula (cf. 18. 2 f., the introductory skirmish; 18. 6 ff., Hasdrubal's dispositions; 18. 10, posting of the Roman cohorts; 18. 20, number of Carthaginian dead), not to be found in P. The picture is similar to that for the capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=New Carthage&groupId=791&placeId=1430">New Carthage</a> (above, 2. 1– 20. 8 n.), and probably P. had access to the same sources, viz. Silenus, Laelius, Scipio (if his account included more than the capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=New Carthage&groupId=791&placeId=1430">New Carthage</a>), and perhaps Fabius. Livy will derive from P., probably via Coelius, who may also have utilized other sources, to which the additional material in Livy (where it is not mere rhetorical elaboration) will go back; that these sources included those of P. himself, e.g. Silenus, is not to be excluded. See De Sanctis, iii. 2. 479 n. 59, 638–9; F. Friedersdorff, Livius et Polybius Scipionis rerum scriptores (Göttingen, 1869), 20; Kahrstedt, iii. 200; Scullard, Scip. 100–1 n. 1; Klotz, Livius, 180–1. The coincidence between 34. 1 and Livy, xxvii. 17. 1 suggests that the present fragment opens at the beginning of the res Hispaniae for 208.

Specifics

10.34.1 - 10.34.1

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">καθάπερ . . . δεδηλώκαμεν</w>:</emph> cf. 20. 8, where Scipio approaches Tarraco; the passage recording his wintering there (209/8) is lost.

10.34.2 - 10.34.2

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">λαβὼν συναγωνιστὴν ἐκ ταὐτομάτου</w>:</emph> 'by chance gaining the help'; this phrase seems to be behind Livy's odd remark about Edeco (Livy, xxvii. 17. 2): 'sed praeter eam causam (sc. the Roman capture of his family) etiam uelut fortuita inclinatio animorum quae Hispaniam omnem auerterat ad Romanum a Punico imperio traxit eum.' <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἐδεκῶνα τὸν Ἐδετανῶν δυνά?στην</w>:</emph> cf. 40. 3. The Edetani appear here only as Schweighaeuser's emendation of F, <w lang="el-GR">τὸν δυνατὸν δυνάστην</w>; <milestone unit="page" n="245">[245]</milestone> this finds no support in Livy, xxvii. 17. 1, 'Edesco ad eum clarus inter duces Hispanos uenit', but may none the less be right (cf. Meyer, Kl. Schr. ii. 406 n. 2), for the MS. reading is unconvincing and <w lang="el-GR">δυνάστης</w> asks for some local qualification (cf. v. 4. 3, 34. 7, 90. 1, x. 35. 6, xxi. 11. 2 and other examples in Mauersberger s.v. <w lang="el-GR">δυνάστης)</w>. The Edetani (cf. Livy, xxviii. 31. 7, Sedetani) lived on the east coast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> northwards from the Bastetani and the Oretani (cf. iii. 33. 9 n.), between the Sucro and the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ebro&groupId=549&placeId=1031">Ebro</a> (Strabo, iii. 156, 162–3; perhaps Mela, ii. 92 (cf. Pliny, Nat. hist. iii. 20); Ptol. ii. 6. 15; CIL, ii. 3786. See Hbner, RE, 'Edetani', cols. 1938–9. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς αὐτῆς ὁρμῆς</w>:</emph> there is much to be said for Schweighaeuser's emendation <w lang="el-GR">τῆ?ς αὐτῶν ὁρμῆς</w>.

10.34.4 - 10.34.4

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διαφειμένων εἰς τὴν παραχειμασίαν</w>:</emph> these winter quarters were not necessarily elsewhere than at Tarraco.

10.34.10 - 10.34.10

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κριθεὶς φίλος</w>:</emph> for the phrase cf. OGIS, 438 ll. 2–3, <w lang="el-GR">οἱ . . . κεκριμένοι ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους φιλίᾳ</w>; cf. 437 a l. 4, b l. 26 and notes ad loc. Is it equivalent to amicum iudicare (Cic. Phil. 11. 34)?

Addenda & corrigenda

10.34.10 - 10.34.10

<emph rend="bold">34. 10. <w lang="el-GR">κριθεὶς φίλος</w>:</emph> for the phrase cf. OGIS, 438 ll. 2–3, <w lang="el-GR">οἱ . . . κεκριμένοι ἐ?ν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους φιλίᾳ</w>; cf. 437 a l. 4, b l. 26 and notes ad loc. Is it equivalent to amicum iudicare (Cic. Phil. 11. 34)?

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