Polybius, Histories

Translation

Book 1 - Chapter 18

<w lemma="%2Ameta%5C">Μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="eu%29labe%2Fsteron">εὐλαβέστερον</w> <w lemma="diakei%3Dsqai">διακεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fseis">ἐπιθέσεις</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="fulaktikw%2Fteron">φυλακτικώτερον</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="pronomai%3Ds">προνομαῖς</w>.

<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29ntech%2F%7Cesan">ἀντεξῄεσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29krobolismou%3D">ἀκροβολισμοῦ</w>, <w lemma="dielo%2Fntes">διελόντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28ni%5C">ἑνὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asklhpiei%3Don">Ἀσκληπιεῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmenon">ἔμενον</w>, <w lemma="qate%2Frw%7C">θατέρῳ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeusan">κατεστρατοπέδευσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hra%2Fkleian">Ἡράκλειαν</w> <w lemma="keklime%2Fnois">κεκλιμένοις</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresin">μέρεσιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>.

<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frou">ἑκατέρου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="w%29xurw%2Fsanto">ὠχυρώσαντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffron">τάφρον</w> <w lemma="proeba%2Flonto">προεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29cio%2Fntas">ἐξιόντας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="perieba%2Flonto">περιεβάλοντο</w>, <w lemma="fulakh%5Cn">φυλακὴν</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcwqen">ἔξωθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fsewn">ἐπιθέσεων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pareisa%2Fgesqai">παρεισάγεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareispi%2Fptein">παρεισπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29wqo%2Ftwn">εἰωθότων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="poliorkoume%2Fnas">πολιορκουμένας</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>.

<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffrwn">τάφρων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmata">διαστήματα</w> <w lemma="fulakai%3Ds">φυλακαῖς</w> <w lemma="die%2Flabon">διέλαβον</w>, <w lemma="o%29xuropoihsa%2Fmenoi">ὀχυροποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29kai%2Frous">εὐκαίρους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="diasta%2Fsei">διαστάσει</w>.

<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xorh%2Fgia">χορήγια</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhn">ἄλλην</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flloi">ἄλλοι</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmmaxoi">σύμμαχοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fqroizon">ἥθροιζον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dgon">παρῆγον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28erbhso%2Fn">Ἑρβησόν</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgontes">ἄγοντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frontes">φέροντες</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29gora%5Cs">ἀγορὰς</w> <w lemma="dayilh%3D">δαψιλῆ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nagkai%3Da">τἀναγκαῖα</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pareskeu%2Fazon">παρεσκεύαζον</w>.

<w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsws">ἴσως</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dnas">μῆνας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="die%2Fmenon">διέμενον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28losxere%5Cs">ὁλοσχερὲς</w> <w lemma="prote%2Frhma">προτέρημα</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenoi">δυνάμενοι</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29krobolismoi%3Ds">ἀκροβολισμοῖς</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w>.

<w lemma="sunagome%2Fnwn">συναγομένων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="limw%3D%7C">λιμῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="sugkekleisme%2Fnwn">συγκεκλεισμένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> — <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttous">ἐλάττους</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdwn">μυριάδων</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxon">ὑπῆρχον</w> — <w lemma="dusxrhstou%2Fmenos">δυσχρηστούμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnos">τεταγμένος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="poliorkoume%2Fnwn">πολιορκουμένων</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="diepe%2Fmpeto">διεπέμπετο</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%2Fstasin">περίστασιν</w> <w lemma="diasafw%3Dn">διασαφῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="parakalw%3Dn">παρακαλῶν</w>.

<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fni">Καρχηδόνι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pisunhgme%2Fnwn">ἐπισυνηγμένων</w> <w lemma="stratiwtw%3Dn">στρατιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fwn">θηρίων</w> <w lemma="gemi%2Fsantes">γεμίσαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemyan">ἐξέπεμψαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fannwna">Ἄννωνα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="strathgo%2Fn">στρατηγόν</w>.

<w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="sunagagw%5Cn">συναγαγὼν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%5Cs">παρασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hra%2Fkleian">Ἡράκλειαν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pracikoph%2Fsas">πραξικοπήσας</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsxe">κατέσχε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28erbhse%2Fwn">Ἑρβησέων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parei%2Fleto">παρείλετο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29gora%5Cs">ἀγορὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w> <w lemma="xorhgi%2Fan">χορηγίαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w>.

<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsou">ἴσου</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dsqai">πολιορκεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w>. <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fgonto">συνήγοντο</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sitodei%2Fa%7C">σιτοδείᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spa%2Fnei">σπάνει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fesqai">βουλεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lu%2Fein">λύειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>.

<w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhsan">ἐποίησαν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="spoudh%5Cn">σπουδὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhxanh%5Cn">μηχανὴν</w> <w lemma="prosfero%2Fmenos">προσφερόμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwn">Ἱέρων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Ftria">μέτρια</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nagkai%3Da">τἀναγκαῖα</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pareskeu%2Faze">παρεσκεύαζε</w>

this the Carthaginians were more inclined to be cautious in taking the offensive, while the Romans were more on their guard in foraging.

As the Carthaginians did not advance beyond skirmishing range, the Roman generals divided their force into two bodies, remaining with one near the temple of Asclepius outside the walls and encamping with the other on that side of the city that is turned towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Heraclea&groupId=624&placeId=1147">Heraclea</a>.

They fortified the ground between their camps on each side of the city, protecting themselves by the inner trench from sallies from within and encircling themselves with an outer one to guard against attacks from outside, and to prevent that secret introduction of supplies and men which is usual in the case of beleaguered cities.

On the spaces between the trenches and their camps they placed pickets, fortifying suitable places at some distance from each other.

Their supplies and other material were collected for them by all the other members of the alliance, and brought to Herbesus, and they themselves constantly fetching in live stock and provisions from this city which was at no great distance, kept themselves abundantly supplied with what they required.

So for five months or so matters were at a standstill, neither side being able to score any decisive advantage, nothing in fact beyond incidental success in their exchange of shots;

but when the Carthaginians began to be pressed by famine owing to the number of people cooped up in the city — fifty thousand at least in number — Hannibal, the commander of the besieged forces, found himself in a difficult situation and sent constant messages to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> explaining his position and begging for reinforcements.

The Carthaginian government shipped the troops they had collected and their elephants and sent them to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> to Hanno their other general.

Hanno concentrated his troops and material of war at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Heraclea&groupId=624&placeId=1147">Heraclea</a> and in the first place surprised and occupied Herbesus, cutting off the enemy\'s camps from their provisions and necessary supplies.

The result of this was that the Romans were as a fact both besieged and besiegers at the same time; for they were so hard pressed by want of food and scarcity of the necessities of life, that they often contemplated raising the siege,

and would in the end have done so, had not Hiero, by using every effort and every device, provided them with a moderate amount of strictly necessary supplies.

Walbank Commentary

Overview

1.12.0 - 1.64.0

The First Punic War

1.17.7 - 1.19.15

The capture of Agrigentum. It seems likely that this account goes back to Philinus, the historian from Agrigentum, who is the basis of Diodorus' account in xxiii. 7–8, <w lang="el-GR">Φιλῖνος δὲ ὁ Ἀκραγαντῖνος ἱστορικὸς ἀνεγράψατο</w>. But Diodorus' account survives only fragmentarily, and it is clear that P. has rejected some of his statistics (e.g. the exaggerated figure of 100,000 Roman troops). The detailed comparison of the two versions in Bung, 84–85, is therefore not very enlightening; but the complete rejection of Philinus as P.'s source (Pdech, REA, 1952, 252–3) is over-sceptical.

Specifics

1.18.2 - 1.18.2

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸ . . . Ἀσκληπιεῖον</w>:</emph> identified by the Duke of Serradifalco (Le antichit della Sicilia (Palermo, 1834–42), iii. 28, 75) as the temple beside the church of S. Gregorio, which lies to the south of the town between the two rivers. (But Holm, Gesch. Sic. iii. 345–6, seeks it east of the town.) The cult-statue was the work of Myron (Cic. Verr. iv. 43. 93), and represented Apollo. The other force camped to the west Agrigentum, for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Heraclea&groupId=624&placeId=1147">Heraclea</a> Minoa (cf. 25. 9; Diod. xvi. 9. 4) lay about 17 miles north-west up the coast.

1.18.5 - 1.18.5

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἰς Ἑρβησόν</w>:</emph> <w lang="el-GR">οὐ μακράν</w> from Agrigentum, and so not the Sicel town near <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>. It is also mentioned by Diod. xxiii. 8. 1 (offer to betray it to Hanno) and 9. 5 (its abandonment in 258). Meltzer, ii. 563; Ziegler, RE, 'Herbessos (1)', col. 530. The site is unknown.

1.18.6 - 1.18.6

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πέντε . . . μῆνας</w>:</emph> i.e. about November (17. 9 n.).

1.18.7 - 1.18.7

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀννίβας . . . ὁ τεταγμένος ἐπὶ τῶν πολιορκουμένων δυνάμεων</w>:</emph> the son of Gisgo (Zon. viii. 10), who as admiral occupied Messana after Hiero's victory at the Longanus (9. 8 n.). O. Leuze (Klio, 1910, 427–8) argued plausibly that P.'s apparent interest in Hannibal (cf. 19. 7, 19. 12–14, 21. 6. 21. 11 (doublet of Mylae), 23. 7, 24. 5–6, 43. 4) is taken from Philinus, who felt a proper concern for the fate of the defender of Agrigentum.

1.18.8 - 1.18.8

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἄννωνα τὸν ἕτερον στρατηγόν</w>:</emph> called <w lang="el-GR">ὁ πρεσβύτερος</w> by Diod. xxiii. 8. 1, who brings him with his army from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Africa&groupId=300&placeId=294">Africa</a>. He is Hanno, son of Hannibal, who fortified Agrigentum in 264, made the Punic treaty with Hiero (11. 7 n.), and besieged Messana (Diod. xxiii. 1. 1–3), where he was victorious according to Philinus (15. 2), and defeated according to P. (12. 3). Philinus records (Diod. xxiii. 8. 1) that Hanno brought 50,000 foot, 6,000 horse, and 60 elephants; Orosius (iv. 7. 5) gives 30,000, 1,500, and 30 respectively. P. quotes a figure of about 50 for the elephants only. Cf. Lenschau, RE, 'Hanno (7)', cols. 2354–5; De Sanctis, iii. 1. 120 n. 50.

1.18.9 - 1.18.9

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πραξικοπήσας κατέσχε τὴν τῶν Ἑρβησέων πόλιν</w>:</emph> by collusion with a party within (Diod. xxiii. 8. 1, Philinus). The subsequent help to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> from Hiero is also mentioned by Zon. viii. 10; the source will again be Philinus (De Sanctis, iii. 1. 225–6).

Polybius, Histories

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