Polybius, Histories
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Book 1 - Chapter 16

1
<w lemma="%2Aprospeso%2Fntwn">Προσπεσόντων</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="proterhma%2Ftwn">προτερημάτων</w>, <w lemma="katasth%2Fsantes">καταστήσαντες</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftous">ὑπάτους</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fnion">Μάνιον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29otaki%2Flion">Ὀτακίλιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fnion">Μάνιον</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29ale%2Frion">Οὐαλέριον</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fsas">ἁπάσας</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fstellon">ἐξαπέστελλον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="strathgou%5Cs">στρατηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frous">ἀμφοτέρους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w>.
2
<w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttara">τέτταρα</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+ka%5C">Ῥωμαϊκὰ</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29niauto%5Cn">ἐνιαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="proxeiri%2Fzontai:">προχειρίζονται·</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w>.
3
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2F">ἀπό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="a%29fista%2Fmenai">ἀφιστάμεναι</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="proseti%2Fqento">προσετίθεντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2F">ἀπό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fwn">Συρακοσίων</w>.
4
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwn">Ἱέρων</w> <w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diatroph%5Cn">διατροπὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fplhcin">κατάπληξιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeliwtw%3Dn">Σικελιωτῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fros">βάρος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+kw%3Dn">Ῥωμαϊκῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="sunelogi%2Fzeto">συνελογίζετο</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29pikudeste%2Fras">ἐπικυδεστέρας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w>.
5
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsas">ὁρμήσας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="logismoi%3Ds">λογισμοῖς</w> <w lemma="diepe%2Fmpeto">διεπέμπετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="strathgou%2Fs">στρατηγούς</w>, <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fnhs">εἰρήνης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fas">φιλίας</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>.
6
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="prosede%2Fcanto">προσεδέξαντο</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xorhgi%2Fas:">χορηγίας·</w>
7
<w lemma="qalattokratou%2Fntwn">θαλαττοκρατούντων</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="eu%29labou%3Dnto">εὐλαβοῦντο</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="a%29pokleisqw%3Dsi">ἀποκλεισθῶσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fnta">διαβάντα</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="pollh%5Cn">πολλὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fndeian">ἔνδειαν</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdei%2Fwn">ἐπιτηδείων</w>.
8
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="u%28polabo%2Fntes">ὑπολαβόντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwna">Ἱέρωνα</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fcesqai">παρέξεσθαι</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29sme%2Fnws">ἀσμένως</w> <w lemma="prosede%2Fcanto">προσεδέξαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w>.
9
<w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ai%29xma%2Flwta">αἰχμάλωτα</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="lu%2Ftrwn">λύτρων</w> <w lemma="a%29podou%3Dnai">ἀποδοῦναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29rguri%2Fou">ἀργυρίου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosqei%3Dnai">προσθεῖναι</w> <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%2Fn">ἑκατόν</w>, <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flois">φίλοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="e%29xrw%3Dnto">ἐχρῶντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fois">Συρακοσίοις</w>.
10
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwn">Ἱέρων</w> <w lemma="u%28postei%2Flas">ὑποστείλας</w> <w lemma="e%28auto%5Cn">ἑαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ske%2Fphn">σκέπην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xorhgw%3Dn">χορηγῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="katepei%2Fgonta">κατεπείγοντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29basi%2Fleue">ἐβασίλευε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fwn">Συρακοσίων</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w>, <w lemma="filostefanw%3Dn">φιλοστεφανῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filodocw%3Dn">φιλοδοξῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>.
11
<w lemma="e%29pifane%2Fstatos">ἐπιφανέστατος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29polelauke%2Fnai">ἀπολελαυκέναι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="eu%29bouli%2Fas">εὐβουλίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fn">ἔν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w>.
When news of the successes of Appius and his legions reached <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, they elected Manius Otacilius and Manius Valerius Consuls, and dispatched their whole armed force and both commanders to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>.
The Romans have four legions of Roman citizens in all apart from the allies. These they enrol annually, each legion comprising four thousand foot and three hundred horse.
On their arrival in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> most of the cities revolted from the Carthaginians and Syracusans and joined the Romans.
Hiero, observing both the confusion and consternation of the Sicilians, and at the same time the numbers and the powerful nature of the Roman forces, reached from all this the conclusion that the prospects of the Romans were more brilliant than those of the Carthaginians.
His conviction therefore impelling him to side with the Romans, he sent several messages to the Consuls with proposals for peace and alliance.
The Romans accepted his overtures, especially for the sake of their supplies;
for since the Carthaginians commanded the sea they were apprehensive lest they should be cut off on all sides from the necessities of life, in view of the fact that the armies which had previously crossed to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> had run very short of provisions.
Therefore, supposing that Hiero would be of great service to them in this respect, they readily accepted his friendly advances.
Having made a treaty by which the king bound himself to give up his prisoners to the Romans without ransom, and in addition to this to pay them a hundred talents, the Romans henceforth treated the Syracusans as allies and friends.
King Hiero having placed himself under the protection of the Romans, continued to furnish them with the resources of which they stood in urgent need, and ruled over <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> henceforth in security, treating the Greeks in such a way as to win from them crowns and other honours.
We may, indeed, regard him as the most illustrious of princes and the one who reaped longest the fruits of his own wisdom in particular cases and in general policy.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
1.12.0 - 1.64.0
<p>The First Punic War</p>
1.16.10 - 1.16.11
<p>P.'s praise of Hiero for his pro-Roman policy probably goes back to Fabius. He had in fact much greater independence than the Italian socii, and during the first two Punic wars Roman control was hardly noticeable: cf. Beloch, iv. 1. 650; Stauffenberg, 40 ff. If he was debarred an independent foreign policy, he enjoyed Roman protection (cf. 62. 8), and was unhampered in internal affairs. On the honours received from the Greeks cf. vii. 8. 6, <w lang="el-GR">εὐεργετικώτατος καὶ φιλοδοξότατος? γενόμενος εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας</w>; on his gifts to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> in 227 after the earthquake see v. 88. 5–8. He may also have taken part in the Olympic Games, following the precedent of Hiero I (Paus. vi. 15. 6: statues at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Olympia&groupId=809&placeId=1462">Olympia</a>). See further, 83. 2–4.</p>
Specifics
1.16.1 - 1.16.1
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Μάνιον Ὀτακίλιον καὶ Μάνιον Οὐαλέριον</w>:</emph> M'. Otacilius C.f. M'. n. Crassus and M'. Valerius M.f. M.n. Maximus (Messalla), coss. A.U.C. 491 = 263/2 B.C. Otacilius was a plebeian and a nouus homo, Valerius from a gens traditionally hostile to the Claudii; their election denotes a reaction against the Senate and its representative, Ap. Claudius: De Sanctis, iii. 1. 110; Mnzer, 67; RE, 'Otacilius (10)', cols. 1859–61. Thiel (Hist. 73) has recently argued that Valerius was <milestone unit="page" n="67">[67]</milestone> an active advocate of a naval policy. That both consuls were sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> is confirmed by Diod. xxiii. 4. 1; Zon. viii. 9; Oros. iv. 7. 3. Otacilius' role is implied by Naevius fg. 32 Mor. (Cichorius, 27): 'Manius Valerius | consul partem exerciti in expeditionem | ducit'; and he had left <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> on 13 September, when in consequence a dictator claui figendi causa was appointed (Fast. Cap.). But the prominence given to Valerius in the traditionhis cognomen Messalla, the picture depicting the battle (or battles?) fought victoriously against the Carthaginians and Hiero (Pliny, Nat. hist. xxxv. 22; cf. Cic. in Vat. 9. 21), his sole responsibility for the peace (ined. Vat. 4 (ap. von Arnim, Hermes, 1892, 120 ff.) quoted below, § 7 n.)all suggest that Otacilius crossed after his colleague, and took no part in the battle at Messana; for their later joint successes see below, § 3 n. The sending of a double consular armya normal year's full levy (cf. vi. 20. 8–9, iii. 72. 12) together with the allieswas exceptional, and a sign of the gravity of the occasion. In all about 40,000 troops must have been sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> in 263. See Luterbacher, Phil., 1907, 403; Beloch, iv. 2. 535–6. The rejection of Valerius' victory by De Sanctis (iii. 1. 110 n. 31) is unconvincing. </p>
1.16.3 - 1.16.3
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">αἱ πλείους ἀφιστάμεναι πόλεις</w>:</emph> details in Diod. xxiii. 4, who attributes the campaign to both consuls. After Adranum, south-west of Etna, had fallen to assault, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Centuripa&groupId=449&placeId=836">Centuripa</a> was being besieged, envoys came to offer the surrender of Alaesa; and a general surrender included <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Centuripa&groupId=449&placeId=836">Centuripa</a> and probably <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Enna&groupId=568&placeId=1063">Enna</a> (Diod. xxiii. 9. 4). Camarina came over now or after Hiero's capitulation; so too Catana (Pliny, Nat. hist. vii. 214); but Tauromenium remained Syracusan, despite Eutrop. ii. 19. 1. The siege of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Echetla&groupId=552&placeId=1035">Echetla</a> may belong to this expedition (15. 1–11 n.). Diodorus' figure of sixty-seven towns which joined <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> may be an anticipation (by Philinus or some annalist) of the later number of Sicilian communes (sixty-seven excluding Messana, or excluding <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>); De Sanctis, iii. 1. 114–15 n. 36; Bung, 79 n. 1. Holm (Gesch. Sic. iii. 11) attributes the speed of the Roman conquest to an upsurge of sympathy for an Italian conqueror among the Sicel population. </p>
1.16.7 - 1.16.7
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">θαλαττοκρατούντων . . . τῶν Καρχηδονίων</w>:</emph> the Roman naval inferiority is stressed by Ined. Vat. 4: <w lang="el-GR">Μάνιος δὲ Βαλέριος</w> 〈<w lang="el-GR">ὁ</w>〉 <w lang="el-GR">τὰς πρὸς Ἱέρωνα συνθήκας ποιησάμενος δοκεῖ καὶ βραχέως καὶ ἀληθῶς εἰπὼν προτρέψαι τὴν βουλὴν ἔχεσθαι τῶν ναυτικῶν ὅτι περὶ νήσου καὶ ἐν νήσῳ μαχομένους οὐκ ἔστι τῷ παντὶ νικᾶν μὴ ναυκρατοῦντας</w>?. The statement attributed to L. Piso (Pliny, Nat. hist. xvi. 192), that the Romans built 220 ships against Hiero in forty-five days, reads like an anticipation of the ships built in 255/4 (i. 38. 5–6); cf. Thiel, Hist. 70–73 against Beloch, iv. 1. 649 n. 1. </p>
1.16.9 - 1.16.9
<p> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ποιησάμενοι δὲ συνθήκας</w>:</emph> technically a foedus aequum, with special clauses governing the conclusion of peace (Stauffenberg, 40); <milestone unit="page" n="68">[68]</milestone> it had to be confirmed by the people (17. 1, cf. vi. 14. 10 f.). P.'s figure for the tribute is probably Fabius and is preferable to the 200 talents of Eutrop. ii. 19; Oros. iv. 7. 3; Diodorus' 25 talents may be a first instalment (Diod. xxiii. 4. 1), though De Sanctis (iii. 1. 117) argues that it is an annual tribute in addition to the indemnity. The treaty was renewed in 248, when any outstanding tribute was cancelled (Zon. viii. 16); and Diod. xxiii. 4. 1 can hardly be right in stating that it was only established for fifteen years in the first instance, since this was not Roman practice (Tubler, 91 f.). Hiero kept <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>, Acrae, Leontini, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megara&groupId=746&placeId=1361">Megara</a>, Helorus, and Neaetum, with Tauromenium (Diod. xxiii. 4. 1); later he had Erbessus (Livy, xxiv. 30. 10) and perhaps <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Centuripa&groupId=449&placeId=836">Centuripa</a> (Lenschau, RE, 'Hieron (13)', col. 1507) and other places (Stauffenberg, 46). Cf. Beloch, iv. 1. 650 n. 1. The prisoners had probably been taken from Ap. Claudius outside Messana (15. 1–11 n.). </p>
Addenda & corrigenda
1.16.1 - 1.16.1
<p rend="Plain Text">on p. 68, l. 11 for '67 n.' read '§ 7 n.'</p>

Commentary