Polybius, Histories

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Book 9 - Chapter 5

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<w lemma="%2A%28%5Ca">Ἃ</w> <w lemma="dianohqei%5Cs">διανοηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemye">ἐξέπεμψε</w> <w lemma="grammatofo%2Fron">γραμματοφόρον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akapu%2Fhn">Καπύην</w>, <w lemma="pei%2Fsas">πείσας</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fwn">Λιβύων</w> <w lemma="au%29tomolh%3Dsai">αὐτομολῆσαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>, <w lemma="ka%29kei%3Dqen">κἀκεῖθεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="pronohqei%5Cs">προνοηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gramma%2Ftwn">γραμμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas:">ἀσφαλείας·</w>
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<w lemma="pa%2Fnu">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29gwni%2Fa">ἠγωνία</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="qewrh%2Fsantes">θεωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pallatto%2Fmenon">ἀπαλλαττόμενον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akapuanoi%2F">Καπυανοί</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="diatrape%2Fntes">διατραπέντες</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29phlpisme%2Fnoi">ἀπηλπισμένοι</w>, <w lemma="paradw%3Dsi">παραδῶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%2Fs">ἑαυτούς</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="gra%2Fyas">γράψας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nazugh%5Cn">ἀναζυγὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsteile">ἀπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbun">Λίβυν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fntes">συνέντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xwrismo%5Cn">χωρισμὸν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qarsw%3Ds">εὐθαρσῶς</w> <w lemma="u%28pome%2Fnoien">ὑπομένοιεν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="prospeptwko%2Ftwn">προσπεπτωκότων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akapu%2Fhn">Καπύην</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="parestratopedeukw%5Cs">παρεστρατοπεδευκὼς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3D">πολιορκεῖ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="o%29rqoi%5C">ὀρθοὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="dianoi%2Fais">διανοίαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%2Ffoboi">περίφοβοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w> <w lemma="diateinou%2Fshs">διατεινούσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nesthkui%2Fas">ἐνεστηκυίας</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fsews:">κρίσεως·</w>
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29capostolai%3Ds">ἐξαποστολαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="paraskeuai%3Ds">παρασκευαῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Floi">ὅλοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29neneu%2Fkeisan">ἐνενεύκεισαν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akapuanoi%5C">Καπυανοὶ</w> <w lemma="komisa%2Fmenoi">κομισάμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbuos">Λίβυος</w> <w lemma="gra%2Fmmata">γράμματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gno%2Fntes">γνόντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fnoian">ἐπίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fmenon">ἔμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnwn">ὑποκειμένων</w>, <w lemma="kri%2Fnontes">κρίνοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29cele%2Fgcai">ἐξελέγξαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w>. <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmpthn">πέμπτην</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fas">παρουσίας</w>,
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<w lemma="deipnopoihsa%2Fmenos">δειπνοποιησάμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katalipw%5Cn">καταλιπὼν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pura%5C">πυρὰ</w> <w lemma="kaio%2Fmena">καιόμενα</w>, <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nazugh%5Cn">ἀναζυγὴν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="sunei%3Dnai">συνεῖναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%3Dnon">συμβαῖνον</w>.
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<w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenos">χρησάμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fais">πορείαις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Asauni%2Ftidos">Σαυνίτιδος</w> <w lemma="e%29nergoi%3Ds">ἐνεργοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%2Fsi">συνεχέσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28do%5Cn">ὁδὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="proporei%2Fais">προπορείαις</w> <w lemma="e%29cereunw%2Fmenos">ἐξερευνώμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prokatalamba%2Fnwn">προκαταλαμβάνων</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="dianoi%2Fais">διανοίαις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akapu%2Fhn">Καπύην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flaqe">ἔλαθε</w> <w lemma="diaba%5Cs">διαβὰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ani%2Fwna">Ἀνίωνα</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsas">συνεγγίσας</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="tettara%2Fkonta">τετταράκοντα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fwn">σταδίων</w> <w lemma="a%29posxw%5Cn">ἀποσχὼν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>.
<head>Hannibal Advances Upon Rome</head>With this purpose in his mind he sent a letter-carrier<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">Hannibal informs the Capuans of his purpose</note>into Capua. This he did by persuading one of his Libyans to desert to the Roman camp, and thence to Capua. He took this trouble to secure the safe delivery of his letter, because he was very much afraid that the Capuans, if they saw him departing, would consider that he despaired of them, and would therefore give up hope and surrender to the Romans. He wrote therefore<pb n="567" />an explanation of his design, and sent the Libyan the day after, in order that the Capuans, being acquainted with the purpose of his departure, might go on courageously sustaining the siege.When the news had arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> that Hannibal had<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note9">Excitement and activity at Rome</note>encamped over against their lines, and was actually besieging their forces, there was a universal excitement and terror, from a feeling that the result of the impending battle would decide the whole war. Consequently, with one heart and soul, the citizens had all devoted themselves to sending out reinforcements and making preparations for this struggle. On their part, the Capuans were encouraged by the receipt of Hannibal's letter, and by thus learning the object of the Carthaginian movement, to stand by their determination, and to await the issue of this new hope.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note10">Hannibal starts.</note>At the end of the fifth day, therefore, after his arrival on the ground, Hannibal ordered his men to take their supper as usual, and leave their watch-fires burning; and started with such secrecy, that none of the enemy knew what was happening. He took the road through <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Samnium&groupId=943&placeId=1678">Samnium</a>, and marched at a great pace and without stopping, his skirmishers always keeping before him to reconnoitre and occupy all the posts along the route: and while those in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> had their thoughts still wholly occupied with Capua and the campaign there, he crossed the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Anio&groupId=331&placeId=642">Anio</a> without being observed; and having arrived at a distance of not more than forty stades from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, there pitched his camp.