<head lang="la">VII. Res Graeciae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w>, <w lemma="w%29%3D">ὦ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndres">ἄνδρες</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimo%2Fnioi">Λακεδαιμόνιοι</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w> <w lemma="doulei%2Fas">δουλείας</w>, <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fna">οὐδένα</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fpeismai">πέπεισμαι</w> <w lemma="tolmh%3Dsai:">τολμῆσαι·</w> <w lemma="skopei%3Dn">σκοπεῖν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcestin">ἔξεστιν</w>.
<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="su%2Fsthma">σύστημα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%2F%7Ckhs">Θρᾴκης</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2F%7Ckisan">ἀπῴκισαν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%3Doi">Ἀθηναῖοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Axalkidei%3Ds">Χαλκιδεῖς</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fsxhma">πρόσχημα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29olunqi%2Fwn">Ὀλυνθίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flis">πόλις</w>.
<w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29candrapodisa%2Fmenos">ἐξανδραποδισάμενος</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdeigma">παράδειγμα</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsas">ποιήσας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqra%2F%7Ckhs">Θρᾴκης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettalou%5Cs">Θετταλοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w>.
<w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh%7C">μάχῃ</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsas">νικήσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsato">ἐχρήσατο</w> <w lemma="megaloyu%2Fxws">μεγαλοψύχως</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29tuxh%2Fmasin">εὐτυχήμασιν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fpws">ὅπως</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="eu%29%3D">εὖ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsh%7C">ποιήσῃ</w>, <w lemma="pollou%3D">πολλοῦ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergesi%2Fas">εὐεργεσίας</w> <w lemma="prokale%2Fshtai">προκαλέσηται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29qelonth%5Cn">ἐθελοντὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prostatto%2Fmenon">προσταττόμενον</w>.
<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28mete%2Fras">ὑμετέρας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="a%29ci%2Fwma">ἀξίωμα</w>, <w lemma="dokou%3Dn">δοκοῦν</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="prosth%2Fsesqai">προστήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w>.
<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="i%28kanh%5Cn">ἱκανὴν</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenos">ποιησάμενος</w> <w lemma="pro%2Ffasin">πρόφασιν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dke">ἧκε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Ffqeire">κατέφθειρε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="te%2Fmnwn">τέμνων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Ffqeire">κατέφθειρε</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Fqwn">αἴθων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29potemo%2Fmenos">ἀποτεμόμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="u%28mw%3Dn">ὑμῶν</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fneime">προσένειμε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29argei%2Fois">Ἀργείοις</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ategea%2Ftais">Τεγεάταις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopoli%2Ftais">Μεγαλοπολίταις</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fois">Μεσσηνίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prosh%3Dkon">προσῆκον</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergetei%3Dn">εὐεργετεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="u%28ma%3Ds">ὑμᾶς</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="diede%2Fcato">διεδέξατο</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandros">Ἀλέξανδρος</w>. <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="u%28polabw%5Cn">ὑπολαβὼν</w> <w lemma="braxu%2F">βραχύ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fdos">Ἑλλάδος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnausma">ἔναυσμα</w> <w lemma="katalei%2Fpesqai">καταλείπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fwn">Θηβαίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="ti%2Fna">τίνα</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeire">διέφθειρε</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="u%28ma%3Ds">ὑμᾶς</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fomai">οἴομαι</w> <w lemma="katanoei%3Dn">κατανοεῖν</w>.
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<head>Greece: Philip Reduces Thessaly</head><note anchored="yes" type="summary" place="inline" resp="ess" id="note57">Speech of Chlaeneas, the Aetolian, at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>. In the autumn of B. C. 211 the Consul-designate, M. Valerius Laevinus, induced the Aetolians, Scopas being their Strategus, to form an alliance with them against Philip. The treaty, as<pb n="588" />finally concluded, embraced also the Eleans, Lacedaemonians, King Attalus of Pergamum, the Thracian King Pleuratus, and the Illyrian <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Scerdilaidas&groupId=953&placeId=1692">Scerdilaidas</a>. A mission was sent from Aetolia to persuade the Lacedaemonians to join. See<bibl n="Liv. 26.24" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 26, 24</bibl>.<p>"That the Macedonian supremacy, men of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, was the beginning of slavery to the Greeks, I am persuaded that no one will venture to deny; and you may satisfy yourselves by looking at it thus. There was a league of Greeks living in the parts towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thrace&groupId=1030&placeId=509">Thrace</a> who were colonists from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a>, of which the most conspicuous and powerful was the city of Olynthus.<note anchored="yes" place="marg">B. C. 347.</note>Having enslaved and made an example of this town, Philip not only became master of the Thraceward cities, but reduced <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a> also to his authority by the terror which he had thus set up.<note anchored="yes" place="marg">Battle of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>, B. C. 338.</note>Not long after this he conquered the Athenians in a pitched battle, and used his success with magnanimity, not from any wish to benefit the Athenians—far from it, but in order that his favourable treatment of them might induce the other states to submit to him voluntarily. The reputation of your city was still such that it seemed likely, that, if a proper opportunity arose, it would recover its supremacy in Greece. Accordingly, without waiting for any but the slightest pretext, Philip came with his army and cut down everything standing in your fields, and destroyed the houses with fire.<note anchored="yes" place="marg">Succession of Alexander the Great, B. C. 336.</note>And at last, after destroying towns and open country alike, he assigned part of your territory to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argives&groupId=361&placeId=688">Argives</a>, part to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megalopolis&groupId=745&placeId=1360">Megalopolis</a>, and part to the Messenians: determined to benefit every people in spite of all justice, on the sole condition of their injuring you.<note anchored="yes" place="marg">Destruction of Thebes, B. C. 335.</note>Alexander succeeded Philip on the throne, and how he destroyed Thebes, because he thought that it contained a spark of Hellenic life, however small, you all I think know well.</p></note>
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Walbank Commentary