<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frois">ἑκατέροις</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="fhmi%5C">φημὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w>, <w lemma="prospipto%2Fntwn">προσπιπτόντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Ds">εἷς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftios">αἴτιος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fa">μία</w> <w lemma="yuxh%2F">ψυχή</w>, <w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w>.
<w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnws">ὁμολογουμένως</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzwn">χειρίζων</w>, <w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="presbute%2Frou">πρεσβυτέρου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29delfw%3Dn">ἀδελφῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fbou">Ἀσδρούβου</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> [<w lemma="presbu%2Ftou">πρεσβύτου</w>] <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgwnos:">Μάγωνος·</w>
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="strathgou%5Cs">στρατηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frous">ἀμφοτέρους</w> <w lemma="a%29poktei%2Fnantes">ἀποκτείναντες</w> [<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w>] <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpratte">ἔπραττε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ippokra%2Fthn">Ἱπποκράτην</w>, <w lemma="u%28%2Fsteron">ὕστερον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amutto%2Fnou">Μυττόνου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbuos">Λίβυος</w>.
<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fda:">Ἰλλυρίδα·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w> <w lemma="a%29nateino%2Fmenos">ἀνατεινόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fplhtte">ἐξέπληττε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fspa">περιέσπα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="koinopragi%2Fas">κοινοπραγίας</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="me%2Fga">μέγα</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fetai">φύεται</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dma">χρῆμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fsion">θαυμάσιον</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yuxh%5C">ψυχὴ</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="a%28rmosqei%3Dsa">ἁρμοσθεῖσα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="su%2Fstasin">σύστασιν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsh%7C">ὁρμήσῃ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrwpi%2Fnwn">ἀνθρωπίνων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29epei%5C">Ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesis">διάθεσις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dxe">ἦχε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsews">φύσεως</w>, <w lemma="a%29paitei%3Dn">ἀπαιτεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cs">καιρὸς</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="diaporoume%2Fnas">διαπορουμένας</w> <w lemma="i%29dio%2Fthtas">ἰδιότητας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="dhlw%3Dsai">δηλῶσαι</w>.
<w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="w%29mo%5Cn">ὠμὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fontai">οἴονται</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolh%2Fn">ὑπερβολήν</w>, <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fila%2Frguron">φιλάργυρον</w>. <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqe%5Cs">ἀληθὲς</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nastrefome%2Fnwn">ἀναστρεφομένων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%2F%7Cdion">ῥᾴδιον</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29le%2Fgxesqai%2F">ἐλέγχεσθαί</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fseis">φύσεις</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsewn">περιστάσεων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fais">ἐξουσίαις</w> <w lemma="katafanei%3Ds">καταφανεῖς</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flws">ὅλως</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29naste%2Fllwntai">ἀναστέλλωνται</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fais">ἀτυχίαις</w>.
<w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmpalin">ἔμπαλιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="u%28gie%5Cs">ὑγιὲς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon:">λεγόμενον·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fga">ὀλίγα</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnontai">φαίνονται</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="paraqe%2Fseis">παραθέσεις</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="poikili%2Fas">ποικιλίας</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fnqrwpoi">ἄνθρωποι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fzesqai">ἀναγκάζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w>.
|
<head>Estimate of Hannibal</head>Of all that befell the Romans and Carthaginians, good or bad, the cause was one man and one mind,—Hannibal.<pb n="583" />For it is notorious that he managed the Italian campaigns in person, and the Spanish by the agency of the elder of his brothers, Hasdrubal, and subsequently by that of Mago, the leaders who killed the two Roman generals in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> about the same time. Again, he conducted the Sicilian campaign at first through Hippocrates and afterwards through Myttonus<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note43"><bibl n="Liv. 25.40" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 25, 40</bibl>, calls him Mutines.</note>the Libyan. So also in Greece and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>: and, by brandishing before their faces the dangers arising from these latter places, he was enabled to distract the attention of the Romans, thanks to his understanding with Philip. So great and wonderful is the influence of a Man, and a mind duly fitted by original constitution for any undertaking within the reach of human powers.But since the position of affairs has brought us to an inquiry into the genius of Hannibal, the occasion seems to me to demand that I should explain in regard to him the peculiarities of his character which have been especially the subject of controversy. Some regard him as having been extraordinarily cruel, some exceedingly grasping of money. But to speak the truth of him, or of any person engaged in public affairs, is not easy. Some maintain that men's real natures are brought out by their circumstances, and that they are detected when in office, or as some say when in misfortunes, though they have up to that time completely maintained their secrecy.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note44"><foreign lang="greek">ἀρχὴ ἄνδρα δείξει.</foreign>Bias, in<bibl n="Aristot. Eud. Eth. 5.1" default="NO" valid="yes">Aristot. Eth. 5, 1</bibl>.</note>I, on the contrary, do not regard this as a sound dictum. For I think that men in these circumstances are compelled, not only occasionally but frequently, either by the suggestions of friends or the complexity of affairs, to speak and act contrary to their real principles.
|
Walbank Commentary