<w lemma="%2Apollh%5Cn">Πολλὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29piske%2Fyews">ἐπισκέψεως</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonta">συμβαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="polemika%5Cs">πολεμικὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs:">ἐπιβολάς·</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29stoxei%3Dn">εὐστοχεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="pra%2Ftth%7C">πράττῃ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="proteqe%2Fn">προτεθέν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttw">ἐλάττω</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="prodh%2Flws">προδήλως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fas">βίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelou%2Fmena">ἐπιτελούμενα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="do%2Flou">δόλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="prattome%2Fnwn">πραττομένων</w>, <w lemma="eu%29xere%5Cs">εὐχερὲς</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnw%7C">βουλομένῳ</w> <w lemma="katamaqei%3Dn">καταμαθεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn:">γεγονότων·</w>
<w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nergoume%2Fnwn">ἐνεργουμένων</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="diamartano%2Fmena">διαμαρτανόμενα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="katorqoume%2Fnwn">κατορθουμένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dnai">γνῶναι</w> <w lemma="xalepo%5Cn">χαλεπὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnwn">ἡγουμένων</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fas">ἀγνοίας</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqumi%2Fas">ῥᾳθυμίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelei%3Dtai">ἐπιτελεῖται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28marthma%2Ftwn">ἁμαρτημάτων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29porh%2Fseie">ἀπορήσειε</w>.
<w lemma="ti%2Fs">τίς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpos">τρόπος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fsews">διαθέσεως</w> <w lemma="skopei%3Dn">σκοπεῖν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fresti">πάρεστι</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29proqe%2Ftws">ἀπροθέτως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemikoi%3Ds">πολεμικοῖς</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonta">συμβαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="a%28rmo%2Fzei">ἁρμόζει</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w>, <w lemma="peripetei%2Fas">περιπετείας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugkurh%2Fseis">συγκυρήσεις</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon:">μᾶλλον·</w>
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="meqodiko%5Cn">μεθοδικὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28stw%3Dta">ἑστῶτα</w> <w lemma="paraleipe%2Fsqw:">παραλειπέσθω·</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nergou%2Fmena">ἐνεργούμενα</w>, <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="dhlou%2Fsqw:">δηλούσθω·</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgos">λόγος</w>.
<w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcews">πράξεως</w> <w lemma="e%29xou%2Fshs">ἐχούσης</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnon">ὡρισμένον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fsthma">διάστημα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosdeome%2Fnhs">προσδεομένης</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="laqei%3Dn">λαθεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunqhma%2Ftwn">συνθημάτων</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnwn">ὡρισμένων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fni">τίνι</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="praxqh%2Fsetai">πραχθήσεται</w>,
<w lemma="fanero%5Cn">φανερὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="eu%29stoxh%2Fsas">εὐστοχήσας</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="a%28marth%2Fsetai">ἁμαρτήσεται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28no%5Cs">ἑνὸς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrh%2Fsas">ὀλιγωρήσας</w> <w lemma="sfalh%2Fsetai">σφαλήσεται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsis">φύσις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29potuxi%2Fas">ἀποτυχίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pinohqe%2Fntwn">ἐπινοηθέντων</w> <w lemma="i%28kano%5Cn">ἱκανὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tuxo%5Cn">τυχὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros:">μέρος·</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w>
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<head>On the Art of Commanding Armies</head>The chances and accidents that attend military expeditions require great circumspection; and it is possible to provide for all of them with precision, provided that a man gives his mind to the conduct of his plan of campaign. Now that fewer operations in war are carried out openly and by mere force, than by stratagem and the skilful use of opportunity, any one that chooses may readily learn from the history of the past. And again that operations depending on the choice of opportunity oftener fail than succeed is easily proved from experience. Nor can there be any doubt that the greater part of such failures are due to the folly or carelessness of the leaders. It is time therefore to inquire into the rules of this art of strategy.Such things as occur in campaigns without having been calculated upon in any way we must not speak of as operations, but as accidents or casualties. It is the conduct of a campaign in accordance with an exact plan that I am to set forth: omitting all such things as do not fall under a scientfic rule, and have no fixed design.
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Walbank Commentary