<w lemma="%2Ati%2Fna">Τίνα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="dih%2F%7Crhtai">διῄρηται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Ddos">εἶδος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Frhtai:">εἴρηται·</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fna">τίνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fttein">ἀντιπράττειν</w> <w lemma="boulhqe%2Fnta">βουληθέντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunergei%3Dn">συνεργεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkasta">ἕκαστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnatai">δύναται</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="r%28hqh%2Fsetai">ῥηθήσεται</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fpatos">ὕπατος</w>, <w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="tuxw%5Cn">τυχὼν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnhs">προειρημένης</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fas">ἐξουσίας</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsh%7C">ὁρμήσῃ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tokra%2Ftwr">αὐτοκράτωρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnwn">προκειμένων</w> <w lemma="sunte%2Fleian">συντέλειαν</w>,
<w lemma="prosdei%3Dtai">προσδεῖται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fmou">δήμου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="i%28kano%2Fs">ἱκανός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w>.
<w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fmpesqai">ἐπιπέμπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xorhgi%2Fas:">χορηγίας·</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fneu">ἄνευ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="boulh%2Fmatos">βουλήματος</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="si%3Dtos">σῖτος</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fq%27">οὔθ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28matismo%5Cs">ἱματισμὸς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29yw%2Fnia">ὀψώνια</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnatai">δύναται</w> <w lemma="xorhgei%3Dsqai">χορηγεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w>,
<w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pra%2Fktous">ἀπράκτους</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnwn">ἡγουμένων</w>, <w lemma="e%29qelokakei%3Dn">ἐθελοκακεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kwlusiergei%3Dn">κωλυσιεργεῖν</w> <w lemma="proqeme%2Fnhs">προθεμένης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelei%3Ds">ἐπιτελεῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pinoi%2Fas">ἐπινοίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fseis">προθέσεις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgw%3Dn">στρατηγῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai:">κεῖται·</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29papostei%3Dlai">ἐπαποστεῖλαι</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w>, <w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29niau%2Fsios">ἐνιαύσιος</w> <w lemma="die%2Flqh%7C">διέλθῃ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnos">χρόνος</w>, <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxonta">ὑπάρχοντα</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fmonon">ἐπίμονον</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fan">κυρίαν</w> <w lemma="au%28%2Fth">αὕτη</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pituxi%2Fas">ἐπιτυχίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnwn">ἡγουμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29ktragw%7Cdh%3Dsai">ἐκτραγῳδῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunauch%3Dsai">συναυξῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29maurw%3Dsai">ἀμαυρῶσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tapeinw%3Dsai">ταπεινῶσαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fdrion">συνέδριον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin:">δύναμιν·</w>
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnous">προσαγορευομένους</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="qria%2Fmbous">θριάμβους</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fyin">ὄψιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgetai">ἄγεται</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="poli%2Ftais">πολίταις</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgw%3Dn">στρατηγῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kateirgasme%2Fnwn">κατειργασμένων</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29na%2Frgeia">ἐνάργεια</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnantai">δύνανται</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzein">χειρίζειν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fpei">πρέπει</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="suntelei%3Dn">συντελεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fdrion">συνέδριον</w> <w lemma="sugkata%2Fqhtai">συγκατάθηται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dw%3D%7C">δῷ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnhn">δαπάνην</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fmou">δήμου</w> <w lemma="stoxa%2Fzesqai">στοχάζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Do%2Fn">ἀναγκαῖόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flws">ὅλως</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fas">οἰκείας</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxwsi">τύχωσι</w> <w lemma="polu%5Cn">πολὺν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29festw%3Dtes:">ἀφεστῶτες·</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fseis">διαλύσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="a%29ku%2Frous">ἀκύρους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fas">κυρίας</w> <w lemma="poiw%3Dn">ποιῶν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fnw">ἐπάνω</w> <w lemma="proei%3Dpon">προεῖπον</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3Dto%2Fs">οὗτός</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="a%29potiqeme%2Fnous">ἀποτιθεμένους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="eu%29qu%2Fnas">εὐθύνας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fxein">ὑπέχειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fnwn">πεπραγμένων</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29sfale%5Cs">ἀσφαλὲς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%3Ds">στρατηγοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrei%3Dn">ὀλιγωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="eu%29noi%2Fas">εὐνοίας</w>.
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<head>Division of Political Power At Rome</head>Such, then, is the distribution of power between the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note16">The mutual relation of the three.</note>several parts of the state. I must now show how each of these several parts can, when they choose, oppose or support each other.The Consul, then, when he has started on an expedition<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note17">The Consul dependent on the Senate,</note>with the powers I have described, is to all appearance absolute in the administration of the business in hand; still be has need of the support both of people and Senate, and, without them, is quite unable to bring the matter to a successful conclusion. For it is plain that he must have supplies sent to his legions from time to time; but without a decree of the Senate they can be supplied neither with corn, nor clothes, nor pay, so that all the plans of a commander must be futile, if the Senate is resolved either to shrink from danger or hamper his plans. And again, whether a Consul shall bring any undertaking to a conclusion or no depends entirely upon the Senate: for it has absolute authority at the end of a year to send another Consul to supersede him, or to continue the existing one in his command. Again, even to the successes of the generals the Senate has the power to add distinction and glory, and on the other hand to obscure their merits and lower their credit, For these high achievements are brought in tangible form before the eyes of the citizens by what are called "triumphs."<pb n="472" />But these triumphs the commanders cannot celebrate with proper pomp, or in some cases celebrate at all, unless the Senate concurs and grants the necessary money.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note18">and on the people.</note>As for the people, the Consuls are pre-eminently obliged to court their favour, however distant from home may be the field of their operations; for it is the people, as I have said before, that ratifies, or refuses to ratify, terms of peace and treaties; but most of all because when laying down their office they have to give an account<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note19"><foreign lang="greek">εὐθύνας.</foreign>Polybius uses a word well known at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a> and other Greek states, but the audit of a Consul seems to have been one of money accounts only. At the expiration, however, of his office he took an oath in public that he had obeyed the laws, and if any prosecution were brought against him it would be tried before the people. See the case of Publius Claudius,<ref target="b1c52" targOrder="U">1, 52</ref>.</note>of their administration before it. Therefore in no case is it safe for the Consuls to neglect either the Senate or the goodwill of the people.
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Walbank Commentary