<w lemma="%2Apoihsa%2Fmenos">Ποιησάμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fas">Ἀρκαδίας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%5Cs">πολλὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29nadeca%2Fmenos">ἀναδεξάμενος</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fnas">χιόνας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fas">ταλαιπωρίας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29olu%2Fgurton">Ὀλύγυρτον</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolai%3Ds">ὑπερβολαῖς</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fth%7C">τρίτῃ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28merw%3Dn">ἡμερῶν</w> <w lemma="kath%3Dre">κατῆρε</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktwr">νύκτωρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akafu%2Fas">Καφύας</w>.
<w lemma="qerapeu%2Fsas">θεραπεύσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2F%27">δύ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29ntau%3Dqa">ἐνταῦθα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosanalabw%5Cn">προσαναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="new%2Fteron">νεώτερον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="sunhqroisme%2Fnous">συνηθροισμένους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w>, <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akleitori%2Fas">Κλειτορίας</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aywfi%3Ddos">Ψωφῖδος</w>, <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fzwn">συναθροίζων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="dieporeu%2Feto">διεπορεύετο</w> <w lemma="be%2Flh">βέλη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fmakas">κλίμακας</w>.
<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aywfi%5Cs">Ψωφὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologou%2Fmenon">ὁμολογούμενον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="palaio%5Cn">παλαιὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arka%2Fdwn">Ἀρκάδων</w> <w lemma="kti%2Fsma">κτίσμα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29azani%2Fdos">Ἀζανίδος</w>, <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="sumpa%2Fshs">συμπάσης</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsou">Πελοποννήσου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="meso%2Fgaion">μεσόγαιον</w>, <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fas">Ἀρκαδίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="dusma%5Cs">δυσμὰς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Frasi">πέρασι</w>, <w lemma="suna%2Fptousa">συνάπτουσα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29sxatia%5Cs">ἐσχατιὰς</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dsi">κατοικοῦσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prosesperi%2Fwn">προσεσπερίων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn:">Ἀχαιῶν·</w>
<w lemma="e%29pi%2Fkeitai">ἐπίκειται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29fuw%3Ds">εὐφυῶς</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fwn">Ἠλείων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fra%7C">χώρᾳ</w>, <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="politeu%2Fesqai">πολιτεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="au%29th%2Fn">αὐτήν</w>.
<w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="tritai%3Dos">τριταῖος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akafuw%3Dn">Καφυῶν</w> <w lemma="dianu%2Fsas">διανύσας</w>, <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeue">κατεστρατοπέδευε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fnanti">ἀπέναντι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="u%28perkeime%2Fnous">ὑπερκειμένους</w> <w lemma="bounou%2Fs">βουνούς</w>, <w lemma="a%29f%27">ἀφ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="katopteu%2Fein">κατοπτεύειν</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fric">πέριξ</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>.
<w lemma="sunqewrw%3Dn">συνθεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29xuro%2Fthta">ὀχυρότητα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aywfi%3Ddos">Ψωφῖδος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29porei%3Dto">ἠπορεῖτο</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29f%27">ἀφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28spe%2Fras">ἑσπέρας</w> <w lemma="pleura%5Cn">πλευρὰν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="katafe%2Fretai">καταφέρεται</w> <w lemma="la%2Fbros">λάβρος</w> <w lemma="xeima%2Frrous">χειμάρρους</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fs">ποταμός</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fbato%2Fs">ἄβατός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w>, <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w> <w lemma="e%29xura%5Cn">ἐχυρὰν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="duspro%2Fsodon">δυσπρόσοδον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="koilw%2Fmatos">κοιλώματος</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="katei%2Frgastai">κατείργασται</w> <w lemma="fero%2Fmenos">φερόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fwn">ὑπερδεξίων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>.
<w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29p%27">ἀπ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29ou%3Ds">ἠοῦς</w> <w lemma="pleura%5Cn">πλευρὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29eru%2Fmanqon">Ἐρύμανθον</w>, <w lemma="me%2Fgan">μέγαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="la%2Fbron">λάβρον</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fn">ποταμόν</w>, <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="polu%5Cs">πολὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="teqru%2Flhtai">τεθρύληται</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgos">λόγος</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xeima%2Frrou">χειμάρρου</w> <w lemma="prospi%2Fptontos">προσπίπτοντος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29eru%2Fmanqon">Ἐρύμανθον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fan">μεσημβρίαν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanei%2Fas">ἐπιφανείας</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="potamw%3Dn">ποταμῶν</w> <w lemma="perilambanome%2Fnas">περιλαμβανομένας</w> <w lemma="a%29sfali%2Fzesqai">ἀσφαλίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnon">προειρημένον</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon:">τρόπον·</w>
<w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loiph%3D%7C">λοιπῇ</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frkton">ἄρκτον</w>, <w lemma="bouno%5Cs">βουνὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29rumno%5Cs">ἐρυμνὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fkeitai">ἐπίκειται</w> <w lemma="teteixisme%2Fnos">τετειχισμένος</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fkras">ἄκρας</w> <w lemma="eu%29fuou%3Ds">εὐφυοῦς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pragmatikh%3Ds">πραγματικῆς</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnwn">λαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w>. <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxh">τείχη</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Fronta">διαφέροντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="mege%2Fqei">μεγέθει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="kataskeuai%3Ds">κατασκευαῖς</w>.
<w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="boh%2Fqeian">βοήθειαν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fwn">Ἠλείων</w> <w lemma="ei%29speptwke%2Fnai">εἰσπεπτωκέναι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29ripi%2Fdan">Εὐριπίδαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fugh%3Ds">φυγῆς</w> <w lemma="diaseswsme%2Fnon">διασεσωσμένον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w>.
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<head>Philip In Arcadia</head>Continuing his march through Arcadia, and encountering<pb n="341" />heavy snow storms and much fatigue in the pass over Mount Oligyrtus, he arrived on the third day at Caphyae.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note142">Philip advances to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Psophis&groupId=917&placeId=1646">Psophis</a>.</note>There he rested his army for two days, and was joined by Aratus the younger, and the Achaean soldiers whom he had collected; so that, with an army now amounting to ten thousand men, he advanced by way of Clitoria towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Psophis&groupId=917&placeId=1646">Psophis</a>, collecting missiles and scaling ladders from the towns through which he passed. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Psophis&groupId=917&placeId=1646">Psophis</a> is a place of acknowledged antiquity, and a colony of the Arcadian town of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Azanis&groupId=385&placeId=725">Azanis</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note143">A description of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Psophis&groupId=917&placeId=1646">Psophis</a>.</note>Taking the Peloponnesus as a whole, it occupies a central position in the country; but in regard to Arcadia it is on its western frontier, and is close also to the western border-land of Achaia: its position also commands the territory of the Eleans, with whom at that time it was politically united. Philip reached this town on the third day after leaving Caphyae, and pitched his camp on some rising ground overhanging the city, from which he could in perfect security command a view both of the whole town and the country round it. But when the king saw the great strength of the place, he was at a loss what to do. Along the left side of it rushes a violent winter torrent, which for the greater part of the winter is impassable, and in any case renders the city secure and difficult of approach, owing to the size of the bed which its waters have worn out for themselves by slow degrees, in the course of ages, as it comes rushing down from the higher ground. On the east again there is a broad and rapid river, the Erymanthus, about which so many tales are told. This river is joined by the winter torrent at a point south of the town, which is thus defended on three sides by these streams; while the fourth, or northern, side is commanded by a hill, which has been fortified, and serves as a convenient and efficient citadel. The town has walls also of unusual size and construction; and besides all this, a reinforcement of Eleans happened to have just come in, and Euripidas himself was in the town after his escape from Stymphalus.
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Walbank Commentary