<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="piezo%2Fmenoi">πιεζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="punqano%2Fmenoi">πυνθανόμενοι</w> <w lemma="su%2Fneggus">σύνεγγυς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="pe%2Fmpousi">πέμπουσι</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ciou%3Dntes">ἀξιοῦντες</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summi%2Fcantes">συμμίξαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Astra%2Fton">Στράτον</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnti">ὄντι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppw%7C">Φιλίππῳ</w> <w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="loipa%5C">λοιπὰ</w> <w lemma="diele%2Fgonto">διελέγοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ntola%2Fs">ἐντολάς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%2Fas">ὠφελείας</w> <w lemma="u%28podeiknu%2Fntes">ὑποδεικνύντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdw%7C">στρατοπέδῳ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fas">πολεμίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpeiqon">ἔπειθον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fnta">διαβάντα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ri%2Fon">Ῥίον</w> <w lemma="e%29mbalei%3Dn">ἐμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fan">Ἠλείαν</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="diakou%2Fsas">διακούσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="parakate%2Fsxe">παρακατέσχε</w>, <w lemma="fh%2Fsas">φήσας</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fsasqai">βουλεύσασθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="parakaloume%2Fnwn">παρακαλουμένων</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nazeu%2Fcas">ἀναζεύξας</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>, <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amhtropo%2Flews">Μητροπόλεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akwnw%2Fphs">Κωνώπης</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkran">ἄκραν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Amhtropo%2Flews">Μητροπόλεως</w> <w lemma="katei%3Dxon">κατεῖχον</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Flipon">ἐξέλιπον</w>. <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="e%29mprh%2Fsas">ἐμπρήσας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amhtro%2Fpolin">Μητρόπολιν</w> <w lemma="proh%2F%7Cei">προῄει</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akwnw%2Fphn">Κωνώπην</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%28qroisqe%2Fntwn">ἁθροισθέντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tolmhsa%2Fntwn">τολμησάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29panta%3Dn">ἀπαντᾶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5C">ἣ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fdia">στάδια</w> <w lemma="die%2Fxousa">διέχουσα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnwn">πεπεισμένων</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fein">κωλύειν</w> <w lemma="telei%2Fws">τελείως</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kakopoih%2Fsein">κακοποιήσειν</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnas">Μακεδόνας</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkbasin">ἔκβασιν</w>,
<w lemma="sunnoh%2Fsas">συννοήσας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%5Cn">ἐπιβολὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peltastai%3Ds">πελτασταῖς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftois">πρώτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29mbalei%3Dn">ἐμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkbasin">ἔκβασιν</w> <w lemma="a%28qro%2Fous">ἁθρόους</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fgma">τάγμα</w> <w lemma="sunhspiko%2Ftas">συνησπικότας</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peiqarxou%2Fntwn">πειθαρχούντων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="diabh%3Dnai">διαβῆναι</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fan">σημαίαν</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fa">βραχέα</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="katapeira%2Fsantes">καταπειράσαντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="mei%3Dnai">μεῖναι</w> <w lemma="sunaspi%2Fsasan">συνασπίσασαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="deute%2Fran">δευτέραν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fthn">τρίτην</w> <w lemma="diabainou%2Fsas">διαβαινούσας</w> <w lemma="sumfra%2Fttein">συμφράττειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28festw%3Dsan">ὑφεστῶσαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29pragou%3Dntes">ἀπραγοῦντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusxrh%2Fstws">δυσχρήστως</w> <w lemma="a%29palla%2Fttontes">ἀπαλλάττοντες</w> <w lemma="a%29pexw%2Froun">ἀπεχώρουν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="fro%2Fnhma">φρόνημα</w> <w lemma="sumpefeugo%5Cs">συμπεφευγὸς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dge">ἦγε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="e%29pidiaba%5Cs">ἐπιδιαβὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="strateu%2Fmati">στρατεύματι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="porqh%2Fsas">πορθήσας</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29iqwri%2Fan:">Ἰθωρίαν·</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="xwri%2Fon">χωρίον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fdou">παρόδου</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fws">κυρίως</w>, <w lemma="o%29xuro%2Fthti">ὀχυρότητι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fusikh%3D%7C">φυσικῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xeiropoih%2Ftw%7C">χειροποιήτῳ</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Frei">διαφέρει</w>.
<w lemma="suneggi%2Fzontos">συνεγγίζοντος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="kataplage%2Fntes">καταπλαγέντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="fula%2Fttontes">φυλάττοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Flipon">ἐξέλιπον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon:">τόπον·</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w> <w lemma="kurieu%2Fsas">κυριεύσας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdafos">ἔδαφος</w> <w lemma="kaqei%3Dle">καθεῖλε</w>.
<w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="loipou%5Cs">λοιποὺς</w> <w lemma="pu%2Frgous">πύργους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftace">ἐπέταξε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pronomeu%2Fousi">προνομεύουσι</w>
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<head>Philip Marches Toward Metropolis</head>Meanwhile the Achaeans, being hard pressed by the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note126">Metropolis and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Conope&groupId=489&placeId=919">Conope</a>.</note>war, and ascertaining that the king was not far off, sent ambassadors to him begging for help. They found Philip still in his camp near Stratus, and there delivered their commission: and besides the message with which they were charged, they pointed out to him the richness of the booty which his army would get from the enemy's country, and tried to persuade him to cross to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhium&groupId=929&placeId=1662">Rhium</a> and invade <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Elis&groupId=560&placeId=1048">Elis</a>. The king listened to what they had to say, and kept the ambassadors with him, alleging that he must consider of their request; and meanwhile broke up his camp, and marched in the direction of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Metropolis&groupId=767&placeId=1389">Metropolis</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Conope&groupId=489&placeId=919">Conope</a>. The Aetolians kept possession of the citadel of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Metropolis&groupId=767&placeId=1389">Metropolis</a> but abandoned the town: whereupon Philip set fire to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Metropolis&groupId=767&placeId=1389">Metropolis</a>, and continued his advance against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Conope&groupId=489&placeId=919">Conope</a>. But when the Aetolian horse rallied and ventured to meet him at the ford of the Achelous, which is about twenty stades before you reach the town, believing that they would<pb n="336" />either stop his advance altogether, or inflict much damage on the Macedonians while crossing the river; the king, fully understanding their tactics, ordered his light-armed troops to enter the river first and to cross it in close order, keeping to their regular companies, and with shields interlocked.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note127">Skirmish on the Achelous.</note>His orders were obeyed: and as soon as the first company had effected the crossing, the Aetolian cavalry attacked it; but they could make no impression upon it, standing as it did in close order, and being joined in similar close order, shield to shield, by a second and a third company as they crossed. Therefore they wheeled off discomfited and retired to the city.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note128"><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ithoria&groupId=658&placeId=1201">Ithoria</a>.</note>From this time forth the proud gallantry of the Aetolians was fain to confine itself to the protection of the towns, and keep quiet; while Philip crossed with his army, and after wasting this district also without resistance, arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ithoria&groupId=658&placeId=1201">Ithoria</a>. This is a position completely commanding the road, and of extraordinary strength, natural as well as artificial. On his approach, however, the garrison occupying the place abandoned it in a panic; and the king, taking possession, levelled it to the ground: and gave orders to his skirmishing parties to treat all forts in the district in the same way.
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Walbank Commentary